Production Method 1

79-31-2

97-85-8

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Catalysts: 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ;  rt → 80 °C; 3 h, 80 °C; 3 h, 80 °C
1.1 Catalysts: Gallium sulfate (with 732 type strong acid cation ion exchange resin) ;  60 min, heated
1.2 Reagents: Sodium carbonate Solvents: Water ;  pH 7 - 8
1.1 Catalysts: Triacylglycerol lipase Solvents: Heptane ;  24 h, 40 °C

Reference

Preparation of long-chain ester for food flavoring and additiveSynthesis of isobutyl isobutyrate catalyzed by gallium sulfate modified strong acid cation ion exchange resinStructure-function correlation in lipase catalysed esterification reactions of short and medium carbon chain length alcohols and acids

Chen, Dan-yun; et al Divakar, Soundar, China, 2010, (2010), 122-124

Production Method 2

97-85-8

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Reagents: Pyridine Catalysts: 4-(Dimethylamino)pyridine Solvents: Dichloromethane ;  30 min, 0 °C; 2 h, rt

Reference

Nematicidal Activity of Natural Ester Compounds and Their Analogues against Pine Wood Nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

Seo, Seon-Mi; et al, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2014, 62(37), 9103-9108

Production Method 3

97-85-8

Reaction Conditions

Reference

Method for producing lower ester by dehydrogenation of alcohol (and aldehyde) using catalyst containing zinc, aluminum, zirconium, and copperOxidative esterification of primary alcohols by NaBrO3/NaHSO3 reagent in aqueous medium(η3-Oxaallyl)rhodium(I) Complexes as Catalyst Precursors for the Disproportionation of Aldehydes

Takase, Kiyoshi; et al Slough, Greg A.; et al, World Intellectual Property Organization, 1995, 13(9), 871-2

Production Method 4

100-52-7

97-85-8

103-28-6

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Catalysts: 2111193-89-4 Solvents: Benzene-d6 ;  1.5 h, rt
1.2 Reagents: Methanol ,  Oxygen ;  rt

Reference

Thorium complexes possessing expanded ring N-heterocyclic iminato ligands: synthesis and applications

Ghatak, Tapas; et al, Dalton Transactions, 2017, 46(36), 12005-12009

Production Method 5

97-85-8

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Reagents: Carbon tetrachloride Catalysts: Tris(acetylacetonato)manganese ;  1 h, 200 °C; 200 °C → 20 °C

Reference

Generation of alkyl hypochlorites in the oxidation of alcohols with carbon tetrachloride catalyzed by vanadium and manganese compounds

Khusnutdinov, R. I.; et al, Russian Chemical Bulletin (Translation of Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, 2002, 51(11), 2074-2079

Production Method 6

97-85-8

79-31-2

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Reagents: Oxygen ;  24 h, 12 bar, rt → 120 °C

Reference

One-step solvent-free aerobic oxidation of aliphatic alcohols to esters using a tandem Sc-Ru-MOF catalyst

Feng, Tingkai; et al, Green Chemistry, 2022, 24(4), 1474-1480

Production Method 7

2043-61-0

97-85-8

2611-02-1

37139-85-8

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Catalysts: Zirconocene chloride hydride Solvents: Diethyl ether
1.2 -

Reference

Selective dimerization of aldehydes to esters catalyzed by zirconocene and hafnocene complexes

Morita, Kenichi; et al, Organometallics, 1993, 12(9), 3748-52

Production Method 8

2043-61-0

97-85-8

2611-02-1

63604-65-9

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Catalysts: Zirconocene chloride hydride Solvents: Diethyl ether
1.2 -

Reference

Selective dimerization of aldehydes to esters catalyzed by zirconocene and hafnocene complexes

Morita, Kenichi; et al, Organometallics, 1993, 12(9), 3748-52

Production Method 9

97-85-8

764-13-6

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Reagents: Oxygen Catalysts: Chromium copper oxide ;  320 °C
2.1 acidified, reflux
3.1 Catalysts: Niobic acid ;  600 psi, 220 °C

Reference

Variations on prins-like chemistry to produce 2,5-dimethylhexadiene from isobutanol

, United States, , ,

Production Method 10

97-85-8

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Catalysts: 2111193-89-4 Solvents: Benzene-d6 ;  2 h, rt
1.2 Reagents: Methanol ,  Oxygen ;  rt
1.1 Catalysts: [1,3-Bis[2,6-bis(1-methylethyl)phenyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-iminato-κN2]met… Solvents: Benzene-d6 ;  3 h, rt
1.2 Solvents: Methanol
1.1 Catalysts: (T-4)-[1,3-Bis[2,6-bis(1-methylethyl)phenyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-iminato-κ… Solvents: Benzene-d6 ;  12 h, rt
1.2 Reagents: Oxygen Solvents: Methanol ;  rt

Reference

Thorium complexes possessing expanded ring N-heterocyclic iminato ligands: synthesis and applicationsMixed imidazolin-2-iminato-Cp* thorium(IV) complexes: synthesis and reactivity toward oxygen-containing substratesMono(imidazolin-2-iminato) Actinide Complexes: Synthesis and Application in the Catalytic Dimerization of Aldehydes

Ghatak, Tapas; et al Karmel, Isabell S. R.; et al Karmel, Isabell S. R.; et al, Dalton Transactions, 2017, 46(36), 12005-12009

Production Method 11

31416-34-9

97-85-8

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Reagents: Sulfuric acid Solvents: Water ;  90 °C; 90 °C → 107 °C

Reference

Method for treating isobutyrate-containing wastewater by alcohol esterification process

, China, , ,

Production Method 12

97-85-8

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Reagents: Disodium phosphate ,  Benzyltrimethylammonium tribromide Solvents: Carbon tetrachloride ,  Water
1.1 Catalysts: (TB-5-11)-[2-[Bis(1-methylethyl)phosphino-κP]-N-[2-[bis(1-methylethyl)phosphino-… ;  72 h, 120 °C
1.1 Reagents: Alumina ,  Pyridinium chlorochromate ;  0 - 5 °C; 4 h, rt

Reference

Oxidation using quaternary ammonium polyhalides. III. An effective oxidation of alcohols and ethers by the use of benzyltrimethylammonium tribromideManganese Pincer Complexes for the Base-Free, Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Coupling of Alcohols to Esters: Development, Scope, and UnderstandingRemarkable reactivity of pyridinium chlorochromate adsorbed on neutral alumina under solvent-free conditions

Kajigaeshi, Shoji; et al Nguyen, Duc Hanh; et al Bhar, Sanjay; et al, Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 1989, 62(8), 2585-8

Production Method 13

759-05-7

97-85-8

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Reagents: Oxygen ,  4-(2-Aminoethyl)benzenesulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride Solvents: Water ;  20 h, pH 7.5, 30 °C

Reference

Preparation of isobutyrate ester producing-microorganism for fermentative production

, Japan, , ,

Production Method 14

3597-91-9

97-85-8

1311286-87-9

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Reagents: Benzyl chloride ,  Tripotassium phosphate Catalysts: Palladium diacetate ,  1,1′-(9,9-Dimethyl-9H-xanthene-4,5-diyl)bis[1,1-diphenylphosphine] ;  90 min

Reference

Mechanochemical Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Esterification of Alcohols

van Bonn, Pit; et al, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2022, 10(4), 1361-1366

Production Method 15

79-31-2

97-85-8

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Reagents: Hydrogen Catalysts: Iridium(2+), aqua(1,1′,4,4′,5,5′,6,6′-octahydro[2,2′-bipyrimidine]-5,5′-diol-κN1… ;  20 h, 5 MPa, 80 °C
1.1 Reagents: Hydrogen Catalysts: Iridium(2+), aqua(1,1′,4,4′,5,5′,6,6′-octahydro[2,2′-bipyrimidine]-5,5′-diol-κN1… ;  20 atm, rt; rt → 80 °C; 20 h, 50 atm, 80 °C

Reference

Hydrogenation of Alkyl Carboxylic Acids with Tetrahydropyrimidine-Derived Iridium Complexes under Mild ConditionsMetal complex catalyst and its application method for catalytic reduction of carboxylic acid into alcohol

Lu, Sheng-Mei; et al, ACS Catalysis, 2022, 12(15), 9238-9243

Production Method 16

3597-91-9

97-85-8

1311286-87-9

927660-73-9

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Reagents: Benzyl chloride ,  Tripotassium phosphate Catalysts: Palladium diacetate ,  1,1′-(9,9-Dimethyl-9H-xanthene-4,5-diyl)bis[1,1-diphenylphosphine] ;  90 min

Reference

Mechanochemical Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Esterification of Alcohols

van Bonn, Pit; et al, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2022, 10(4), 1361-1366

Production Method 17

13262-24-3

6623-96-7

97-85-8

764-13-6

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Catalysts: Niobic acid ;  600 psi, 220 °C

Reference

Variations on prins-like chemistry to produce 2,5-dimethylhexadiene from isobutanol

, United States, , ,

Production Method 18

97-85-8

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Reagents: Carbon tetrachloride Catalysts: Vanadyl acetylacetonate ;  1 h, 150 °C; 150 °C → 20 °C

Reference

Generation of alkyl hypochlorites in the oxidation of alcohols with carbon tetrachloride catalyzed by vanadium and manganese compounds

Khusnutdinov, R. I.; et al, Russian Chemical Bulletin (Translation of Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, 2002, 51(11), 2074-2079

Production Method 19

97-85-8

79-31-2

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Catalysts: Triethylamine ,  Aluminum chloride Solvents: Dichloromethane ;  2 d, rt
1.1 Catalysts: Triethylamine ,  Aluminum chloride Solvents: Dichloromethane ;  2 d, rt

Reference

Disproportionation of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes through Cannizzaro, Tishchenko, and Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley reactionsDisproportionation of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes through Cannizzaro, Tishchenko, and Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley reactions

Sharifi, Sina ; et al Sharifi, Sina ; et al, Monatshefte fuer Chemie, 2021, 152(7), 803-808

Production Method 20

97-85-8

764-13-6

Reaction Conditions

1.1 acidified, reflux
2.1 Catalysts: Niobic acid ;  600 psi, 220 °C

Reference

Variations on prins-like chemistry to produce 2,5-dimethylhexadiene from isobutanol

, United States, , ,

Isobutyl isobutyrate Raw materials

• Propane,2-methyl-1,1-bis(2-methylpropoxy)-
• 2-Oxo-3-methylbutanoic acid >90%
• 2-methyl-1-(2-methylprop-1-enoxy)propane
• 4-Biphenylmethanol
• 2-Methylpropanoic acid
• cyclohexanecarbaldehyde
• Benzaldehyde
• Propanoic acid, 2-methyl-, barium salt (2:1)

Isobutyl isobutyrate Preparation Products

• 2,5-Dimethyl-2,4-hexadiene (764-13-6)
• Cyclohexylmethyl cyclohexanecarboxylate (2611-02-1)
• [1,1′-Biphenyl]-4-carboxylic acid, 2-methylpropyl ester (1311286-87-9)
• Propanoic acid, 2-methyl-, cyclohexylmethyl ester (63604-65-9)
• 2-Methylpropanoic acid (79-31-2)
• Isobutyl isobutyrate (97-85-8)
• [1,1-Biphenyl]-4-carboxylic acid, [1,1-biphenyl]-4-ylmethyl ester (927660-73-9)
• benzyl isobutyrate (103-28-6)
• Cyclohexanecarboxylicacid, 2-methylpropyl ester (37139-85-8)

• 1. Fe(iii)-mediated isomerization of α,α-diarylallylic alcohols to ketones via radical 1,2-aryl migration?
  Ziyang Deng,Changwei Chen,Sunliang Cui RSC Adv., 2016,6, 93753-93755
• 2. Enabling non-flammable Li-metal batteries via electrolyte functionalization and interface engineering?
  Jing Yu,Yu-Qi Lyu,Jiapeng Liu,Mohammed B. Effat,Junxiong Wu J. Mater. Chem. A, 2019,7, 17995-18002
• 3. Establishing plasmon contribution to chemical reactions: alkoxyamines as a thermal probe?
  Olga Guselnikova,Gérard Audran,Jean-Patrick Joly,Andrii Trelin,Evgeny V. Tretyakov,Vaclav Svorcik,Oleksiy Lyutakov,Sylvain R. A. Marque Chem. Sci., 2021,12, 4154-4161
• 4. Dissolved oxygen sensor based on fluorescence quenching of oxygen-sensitive ruthenium complexes immobilized in sol–gel-derived porous silica coatings
  Analyst, 1996,121, 785-788
• 5. Fe(ii)-Assisted one-pot synthesis of ultra-small core–shell Au–Pt nanoparticles as superior catalysts towards the HER and ORR?
  Yi Cao,Yujiao Xiahou,Lixiang Xing,Xiang Zhang,Hong Li,ChenShou Wu,Haibing Xia Nanoscale, 2020,12, 20456-20466

• Solvents and Organic Chemicals Organic Compounds Organic acids and derivatives Carboxylic acids and derivatives Carboxylic acid esters
• Solvents and Organic Chemicals Organic Compounds Organic acids and derivatives Carboxylic acids and derivatives Carboxylic acid derivatives Carboxylic acid esters
• Solvents and Organic Chemicals Organic Compounds Acids/Esters

Recent Advances in the Study of Isobutyl Isobutyrate (CAS 97-85-8) in Chemical and Biomedical Applications

Isobutyl isobutyrate (CAS 97-85-8), a colorless liquid with a fruity odor, has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its versatile applications in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and flavor industries. This ester compound, known for its pleasant aroma, is commonly used as a flavoring agent in food products. However, emerging research has expanded its utility into biomedical and chemical synthesis domains, highlighting its potential as a solvent, intermediate, or bioactive molecule. This research brief synthesizes the latest findings on isobutyl isobutyrate, focusing on its chemical properties, synthesis methods, and novel applications in biomedicine.

Recent studies have explored the catalytic synthesis of isobutyl isobutyrate using eco-friendly methods. For instance, a 2023 study published in Green Chemistry demonstrated the efficacy of immobilized lipase enzymes in the esterification of isobutyric acid with isobutyl alcohol under mild conditions. This method achieved a high yield (92%) and minimized waste, aligning with the principles of green chemistry. The enzymatic approach offers a sustainable alternative to traditional acid-catalyzed processes, which often require harsh conditions and generate toxic byproducts.

In the biomedical field, isobutyl isobutyrate has shown promise as a permeation enhancer in transdermal drug delivery systems. A 2024 study in the Journal of Controlled Release investigated its ability to improve the skin absorption of poorly soluble drugs. The research revealed that isobutyl isobutyrate significantly increased the permeability of model drugs by disrupting the lipid bilayer structure of the stratum corneum. These findings suggest its potential as a safe and effective excipient in topical formulations, though further toxicological studies are warranted.

Another groundbreaking application of isobutyl isobutyrate lies in its role as a precursor for the synthesis of bioactive compounds. Researchers have recently utilized it to develop novel ester derivatives with antimicrobial properties. A 2023 paper in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters reported the synthesis of a series of isobutyl isobutyrate analogs exhibiting potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The study highlighted the importance of the ester's structural flexibility in modulating biological activity, opening new avenues for antibiotic development.

Despite these advances, challenges remain in optimizing the production and application of isobutyl isobutyrate. Current research is addressing scalability issues in enzymatic synthesis and exploring its long-term safety profile in pharmaceutical formulations. Additionally, efforts are underway to harness its potential in polymer chemistry, where it may serve as a renewable monomer for biodegradable materials. As the scientific community continues to uncover the multifaceted roles of this compound, isobutyl isobutyrate is poised to become a cornerstone in sustainable chemistry and biomedicine.

• 540-42-1(isobutyl propionate)
• 97-72-3(Isobutyric anhydride)
• 3938-95-2(Ethyl pivalate)
• 53807-80-0(Propanoic acid, 2-methyl-, ethyl ester, ion(1-), lithium)
• 56585-17-2(Propanoic acid, 2-methyl-, ethyl ester, ion(1-), sodium (1:1))
• 54396-97-3(Propanoic acid,2-methyl-, 2-ethoxyethyl ester)
• 5340-26-1(Propanoic acid,2,2-dimethyl-, 2,2-dimethylpropyl ester)
• 39014-47-6(Propanoic acid,2-methyl-, conjugate acid (1:1))
• 5129-35-1(propyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate)
• 6942-58-1(2-Hydroxyethyl 2-Methylpropanoate)