Production Method 1

91-19-0

89-01-0

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Reagents: Potassium manganate Solvents: Water ;  90 °C; 2 h, 90 °C
1.2 Reagents: Hydrochloric acid Solvents: Water ;  pH 2

Reference

Synthesis of pyrazinamide

Zhou, Qi; Zheng, Yong-yong; Li, Bing-dong; Lu, Chun-xu, Jiangsu Huagong, 2005, 33, 124-126

Production Method 2

107-22-2

89-01-0

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Reagents: Sodium carbonate ,  Hydrochloric acid ,  Permanganic acid (HMnO4), potassium salt (1:1) Solvents: Water

Reference

2,3-Pyrazinedicarboxylic acid

Jones, Reuben G.; McLaughlin, Keith C., Organic Syntheses, 1950, 30, 86-90

Production Method 3

91-19-0

89-01-0

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Reagents: Permanganic acid (HMnO4), potassium salt (1:1) Solvents: Water

Reference

Syntheses in the pyrazine series. IV. 2-Sulfanilamidopyrazine

Sausville, Joseph W.; Spoerri, Paul E., Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1941, 63, 3153-4

Production Method 4

89-01-0

89-01-0

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Reagents: Sodium hydroxide Solvents: Water ;  neutralized
1.2 Reagents: Perchloric acid, europium(3+) salt Solvents: Water

Reference

Reduction in Coordination Number of Eu(III) on Complexation with Pyrazine Mono- and Di-Carboxylates in Aqueous Medium

Dumpala, Rama Mohana Rao ; Boda, Anil ; Kumar, Pranaw; Rawat, Neetika; Ali, Sk. Musharaf, Inorganic Chemistry, 2019, 58(16), 11180-11194

Production Method 5

91-19-0

89-01-0

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Reagents: Permanganic acid (HMnO4), potassium salt (1:1) Solvents: Water ;  1.5 h, rt → 90 °C

Reference

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 2,3-(substituted phenyl) pyrazine dicarboxamide

Rao, N. Srinivasa; Raju, M. P. P.; Rao, J. T., Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2007, 19(1), 821-822

Production Method 6

91-19-0

89-01-0

Reaction Conditions

Reference

Product class 14: pyrazines

Sato, N., Science of Synthesis, 2004, 16, 751-844

Production Method 7

91-19-0

89-01-0

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Reagents: Permanganic acid (HMnO4), potassium salt (1:1) Solvents: Water ;  45 min, reflux
1.2 Reagents: Hydrochloric acid Solvents: Water

Reference

Improvement on the synthesis of 2,3-pyrazinedicarboxylic acid

Zhu, Kang-ling; Li, Mei-qing; Li, Guang-xing, Huaxue Shiji, 2004, 26(5), 293-294

Production Method 8

921-52-8

107-22-2

89-01-0

Reaction Conditions

Reference

Synthesis of pyrazinamide

Rao, A. V. Rama; Yadav, J. S.; Ravichandran, K.; Sahasrabudhe, A. B.; Chaurassia, S. S., Indian Journal of Chemistry, 1984, (9),

Production Method 9

91-19-0

89-01-0

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Reagents: Sulfuric acid ,  Copper sulfate Solvents: Water ;  rt → 50 °C; 40 - 50 °C; 50 °C → 90 °C
1.2 Reagents: Sodium chlorate ;  90 °C; 8 h, 100 °C; cooled
1.3 Reagents: Sodium hydroxide Solvents: Water ;  3 h, 70 - 80 °C
1.4 Reagents: Hydrochloric acid Solvents: Water ;  cooled; 1 h, pH 1, cooled

Reference

Method for synthesis of 2,3-pyrazinedicarboxylic acid

, China, , ,

Production Method 10

13481-25-9

89-01-0

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Reagents: Sodium methoxide Solvents: Methanol ;  rt
1.2 Solvents: Water ;  rt → reflux; 10 min, reflux; overnight, reflux → rt
1.3 Reagents: Acetic acid ;  neutralized, rt

Reference

A Green One-Pot Synthesis of vic-Amidino (Hetero)aromatic Acids from 1,2-Dinitriles

Tkachuk, Volodymyr A.; Omelchenko, Iryna V.; Hordiyenko, Olga V., Synlett, 2017, 28(7), 851-857

Production Method 11

91-19-0

89-01-0

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Reagents: Potassium hydroxide ,  Permanganic acid (HMnO4), potassium salt (1:1) ;  45 °C

Reference

Obtaining pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid through electrochemical oxidation of quinoxaline on nickel electrode

Iuliana, Popa; Bogdan, Taranu; Ioan, Taranu; Ana, Dragos; Dobrescu, Marius, Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, 2011, 56(2), 125-132

Production Method 12

91-19-0

89-01-0

Reaction Conditions

Reference

Pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid

, Poland, , ,

Production Method 13

91-19-0

89-01-0

Reaction Conditions

Reference

Passage from the Quinoxaline to the Pyrazine Series

Gabriel, S.; Sonn, Adolf, Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft, 1908, 40, 4850-60

Pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Raw materials

• 2,3-Diaminosuccinic acid
• Quinoxaline
• Pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid
• Glyoxal
• Pyrazine-2,3-dicarbonitrile

Pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Preparation Products

• Pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (89-01-0)

• 1. Acetylcholinesterase amperometric detection system based on a cobalt(II) tetraphenylporphyrin-modified electrode
  Analyst, 1996,121, 1123-1126
• 2. An approach towards the synthesis of novel fused nitrogen tricyclic heterocyclic scaffolds via GBB reaction?
  Sandip Gangadhar Balwe,Yeon Tae Jeong Org. Biomol. Chem., 2018,16, 1287-1296
• 3. An integrated microfluidic 3D tumor system for parallel and high-throughput chemotherapy evaluation?
  Dan Liu,Rui Hu,Zhongchao Huang,Meilin Sun,Kai Han Analyst, 2020,145, 6447-6455
• 4. An approach to C–N activation: coupling of arenesulfonyl hydrazides and arenesulfonyl chlorides with tert-amines via a metal-, oxidant- and halogen-free anodic oxidation??
  M. Sheykhan,S. Khani,S. Shaabanzadeh,M. Joafshan Green Chem., 2017,19, 5940-5948
• 5. An astrophysically-relevant mechanism for amino acid enantiomer enrichment
  Stephen P. Fletcher,Richard B. C. Jagt,Ben L. Feringa Chem. Commun., 2007, 2578-2580

• Solvents and Organic Chemicals Organic Compounds Organoheterocyclic compounds Diazines Pyrazines Pyrazine carboxylic acids and derivatives
• Solvents and Organic Chemicals Organic Compounds Heterocyclic Compounds

• 2435-46-3(3,6-Dimethylpyrazine-2-carboxylic acid)
• 5521-60-8(5-Methylpyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylicacid)
• 205692-63-3(Pyrazine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid hydrate)
• 122-05-4(Pyrazine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid)
• 186534-01-0(trimethylpyrazine-2-carboxylic acid)
• 41110-28-5(3-Methylpyrazine-2-carboxylic Acid)
• 93778-20-2(2,3-Pyrazinedicarboxylicacid, sodium salt (1:1))
• 5521-55-1(5-Methylpyrazine-2-carboxylic Acid)
• 61693-22-9(disodium pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylate)
• 13515-06-5(5,6-Dimethylpyrazine-2-carboxylic Acid)