Cephalotaxus alkaloids are a group of secondary metabolites primarily derived from the genus Cephalotaxus, commonly known as plum yew. These alkaloids have attracted considerable attention due to their potential biological activities and pharmacological effects. Structurally diverse, cephalotaxine, taxol, and cephalotaxine B are well-known members of this class. Extensive research has revealed that they exhibit significant anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and neuroprotective properties. Studies have shown that these alkaloids can interfere with cell cycle progression, induce apoptosis in cancer cells, and modulate immune responses. Due to their promising therapeutic potential, cephalotaxus alkaloids are being investigated for various medical applications, including the development of novel anti-cancer drugs and treatments for neurological disorders.