Production Method 1

107-21-1

96-49-1

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Reagents: 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene Solvents: Dichloromethane ;  25 °C
1.2 Reagents: Methyl iodide ;  3 h, 25 °C

Reference

Convenient synthesis of ethylene carbonates from carbon dioxide and 1,2-diols at atmospheric pressure of carbon dioxide

Kitamura, Tsugio; Inoue, Yusuke; Maeda, Taisei; Oyamada, Juzo, Synthetic Communications, 2016, 46(1), 39-45

Production Method 2

35466-85-4

96-49-1

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Reagents: Tetraethylammonium perchlorate Solvents: Acetonitrile
1.2 Reagents: Oxygen
1.3 Reagents: Iodoethane

Reference

Facile stereoselective conversion of 1,2-diols into alkane-1,2-diyl carbonates

Casadei, Maria Antonietta; Cesa, Stefania; Feroci, Marta; Inesi, Achille, New Journal of Chemistry, 1999, 23(4), 433-436

Production Method 3

75-21-8

96-49-1

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Catalysts: Zinc chloride ,  1-Butyl-1-methylpiperidinium bromide ;  18 h, 3.0 MPa, 60 °C

Reference

In situ CO2 capture and transformation into cyclic carbonates using flue gas

Ma, Haiying; Liu, Shujuan; Wang, Hongli; Li, Guomin; Zhao, Kang; et al, Green Chemistry, 2023, 25(6), 2293-2298

Production Method 4

75-21-8

96-49-1

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Catalysts: 1-Ethylimidazole Solvents: Ethanol ;  15 h, rt → 80 °C
1.2 Catalysts: Poly(epichlorohydrin) (derivative with N-ethylimidazole) ;  30 h, 1 MPa, rt → 160 °C
1.3 0.42 - 0.72 MPa, 72 - 77 °C

Reference

Device and method for green preparation of ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate

, China, , ,

Production Method 5

96-49-1

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Reagents: N-Bromosuccinimide Solvents: Acetone ,  Water ;  2 h, 40 °C
1.2 Reagents: Potassium carbonate Catalysts: 4-(Dimethylamino)pyridine ,  (SP-5-13)-Chloro[[3,3′-[1,2-phenylenedi(nitrilo-κN)]bis[2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-o… Solvents: Dimethylformamide ;  2 h, 300 psi, 60 °C

Reference

Catalyst composition for cyclic carbonate production from CO2 and olefins

, World Intellectual Property Organization, , ,

Production Method 6

75-21-8

96-49-1

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Catalysts: Acetic acid ,  Tetrabutylammonium bromide ;  3 h, 0.5 MPa, 80 °C

Reference

Preparation of cyclic carbonate through Bronsted acid/quaternary ammonium salt composite catalyzed cycloaddition of CO2 and epoxide

, China, , ,

Production Method 7

75-21-8

96-49-1

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Catalysts: 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ;  10 atm, rt → 120 °C; 1 h, 30 atm, 120 °C

Reference

Catalyst comprising imidazolium halide and zinc halide for preparing alkylene carbonate

, World Intellectual Property Organization, , ,

Production Method 8

75-21-8

96-49-1

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Catalysts: Tris(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)phosphine (supported on polystyrene, Merrifild resin, etc.) ;  2.5 h, 1.5 MPa, rt → 120 °C

Reference

Method for preparing cyclic carbonate using supported quaternary phosphonium salt catalyst

, China, , ,

Production Method 9

75-21-8

96-49-1

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Catalysts: Potassium iodide Solvents: Ethanol ;  1 h, 0.5 MPa, 120 °C

Reference

Process for the preparation of cyclic carbonates from carbon dioxide and epoxides under catalysis of halogen salts

, China, , ,

Production Method 10

75-21-8

96-49-1

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Catalysts: 1H-Imidazolium, 3-ethenyl-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-, bromide (1:1), polymer with 1,4-d… ;  5 h, 2 MPa, 140 °C

Reference

Cross-linked polymer grafted with functionalized ionic liquid as reusable and efficient catalyst for the cycloaddition of carbon dioxide to epoxides

Dai, Wei-Li; Jin, Bi; Luo, Sheng-Lian; Yin, Shuang-Feng; Luo, Xu-Biao; et al, Journal of CO2 Utilization, 2013, 3, 3-4

Production Method 11

75-21-8

96-49-1

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Catalysts: Phosphonium, (2-carboxyethyl)triphenyl-, bromide (1:1) ;  1 h, 2.5 MPa, 130 °C; 130 °C → 0 °C

Reference

Functionalized phosphonium-based ionic liquids as efficient catalysts for the synthesis of cyclic carbonate from epoxides and carbon dioxide

Dai, Wei-Li; Bi, Jin; Luo, Sheng-Lian; Luo, Xu-Biao; Tu, Xin-Man; et al, Applied Catalysis, 2014, 470, 183-188

Production Method 12

75-21-8

96-49-1

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Catalysts: Aluminum(1+), [3-[[[2-[[[3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-(hydroxy-κO)phenyl]methyle… ;  40 h, 2 MPa, 120 °C

Reference

Method for preparing highly active bifunctional catalyst for reaction of carbon dioxide and epoxy alkane to prepare cyclic carbonate and its application

, China, , ,

Production Method 13

75-21-8

96-49-1

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Reagents: Potassium iodide Catalysts: Choline chloride ;  rt → 100 °C; 3 h, 1.5 MPa, 100 °C

Reference

Preparation of vinyl carbonate catalyzed by ionic liquid composite catalyst

, China, , ,

Production Method 14

75-21-8

96-49-1

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Catalysts: Iodomethyltriphenylphosphorane ;  5 MPa, 150 °C

Reference

Green production of electronic grade vinyl carbonate

, China, , ,

Production Method 15

75-21-8

96-49-1

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Catalysts: Propanoic acid, 3-bromo-, compd. with 1,4-diethenylbenzene polymer with ethenylb… ;  1 h, 2.0 MPa, 150 °C

Reference

Method for synthesis of cyclic carbonate with polyionic liquid nano-catalyst

, China, , ,

Production Method 16

75-21-8

96-49-1

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Catalysts: 1-Butanaminium, N,N-dibutyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-, bromide (1:1) ;  rt; 10 s, 1.5 MPa, 120 °C

Reference

Method for preparing cyclic carbonate in enhanced microreactor system

, China, , ,

Production Method 17

75-21-8

96-49-1

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Catalysts: Tetrabutylammonium bromide ,  Graphene (oxide) ;  1 h, 2.25 MPa, 100 °C

Reference

Water-tolerant graphene oxide as a high-efficiency catalyst for the synthesis of propylene carbonate from propylene oxide and carbon dioxide

Lan, Dong-Hui; Yang, Fan-Ming; Luo, Sheng-Lian; Au, Chak-Tong; Yin, Shuang-Feng, Carbon, 2014, 73, 351-360

Production Method 18

75-21-8

96-49-1

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Catalysts: Guanidine, N′′-(2-aminoethyl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-, hydrobromide (1:1) ;  1 h, 2 MPa, 130 °C

Reference

Novel functionalized guanidinium ionic liquids: Efficient acid-base bifunctional catalysts for CO2 fixation with epoxides

Dai, Wei-Li; Jin, Bi; Luo, Sheng-Lian; Luo, Xu-Biao; Tu, Xin-Man; et al, Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 2013, 378, 326-332

Production Method 19

75-21-8

96-49-1

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Catalysts: Guanidine, N′′-(2-aminoethyl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-, hydrobromide (1:1) ;  rt → 130 °C; 2.0 h, 130 °C

Reference

A method for preparing cyclic carbonate with functional guanidine salt ionic liquid as solvent

, China, , ,

Ethylene Carbonate Raw materials

• Ethylene Glycol, Dehydrated
• Ethylene Oxide
• Ethyl 2-hydroxyethyl carbonate

Ethylene Carbonate Preparation Products

• Ethylene Carbonate (96-49-1)

• 1. Excellent lithium ion storage property of porous MnCo2O4 nanorods?
  Peiyuan Zeng,Xiaoxiao Wang,Ming Ye,Qiuyang Ma,Jianwen Li,Wanwan Wang,Baoyou Geng,Zhen Fang RSC Adv., 2016,6, 23074-23084
• 2. Evolution of cellulose into flexible conductive green electronics: a smart strategy to fabricate sustainable electrodes for supercapacitors
  Tengfei Yu,Yuehan Wu,Wei Li,Bin Li RSC Adv., 2014,4, 34134-34143
• 3. Evolution of calcium phosphate precipitation in hanging drop vapor diffusion by in situRaman microspectroscopy
  Gloria Belén Ramírez-Rodríguez,José Manuel Delgado-López,Jaime Gómez-Morales CrystEngComm, 2013,15, 2206-2212
• 4. Dissociation of aryl sulfonyl phthalimide radical anions: relevance to the biological activity of arylsulfonyl amides?
  Abdelaziz Houmam,Emad M. Hamed Chem. Commun., 2012,48, 11328-11330
• 5. Evidence that the availability of an allylic hydrogen governs the regioselectivity of the Wacker oxidation
  Matthew J. Gaunt,Jinquan Yu,Jonathan B. Spencer Chem. Commun., 2001, 1844-1845

• Solvents and Organic Chemicals Organic Compounds Organic acids and derivatives Organic carbonic acids and derivatives Carbonic acid diesters
• Solvents and Organic Chemicals Organic Compounds Acids/Esters

Ethylene Carbonate (CAS No. 96-49-1): Applications and Recent Research Developments

Ethylene Carbonate, with the chemical formula C?H?O? and CAS number 96-49-1, is a versatile organic compound that has garnered significant attention in various scientific and industrial applications. This compound, often referred to as ethylene carbonate, is a cyclic ester derived from ethylene glycol and carbon monoxide. Its unique chemical structure, featuring a six-membered ring with two oxygen atoms, imparts exceptional stability and reactivity, making it a valuable intermediate in multiple chemical processes.

The primary use of ethylene carbonate lies in the pharmaceutical industry, where it serves as a crucial solvent and reagent in the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Its ability to dissolve a wide range of polar and non-polar compounds makes it an ideal choice for formulating drug solutions and suspensions. Additionally, its low toxicity and high boiling point contribute to its favorability in pharmaceutical applications.

In recent years, research on ethylene carbonate has expanded into the field of green chemistry. The growing demand for environmentally friendly solvents has positioned this compound as a promising alternative to traditional volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Studies have demonstrated its effectiveness in replacing harmful solvents in various chemical reactions, thereby reducing environmental impact. Furthermore, its biodegradability and low toxicity make it an attractive option for sustainable industrial processes.

One of the most exciting developments in the study of ethylene carbonate is its application in energy storage systems. Researchers have explored its potential as an electrolyte solvent in lithium-ion batteries due to its high dielectric constant and excellent thermal stability. These properties enable it to enhance battery performance by improving ionic conductivity and reducing internal resistance. Recent studies have shown that formulations containing ethylene carbonate can significantly increase the cycle life and energy density of lithium-ion batteries, making them more efficient for commercial use.

The compound's role in material science is another area where significant progress has been made. Ethylene Carbonate has been investigated as a precursor for synthesizing polymers and copolymers with unique properties. These materials exhibit enhanced durability, flexibility, and resistance to chemical degradation, making them suitable for applications in coatings, adhesives, and advanced composites. Researchers are particularly interested in developing biodegradable polymers derived from ethylene carbonate, which could revolutionize packaging and disposable product industries by reducing waste.

In the realm of catalysis, Ethylene Carbonate has shown promise as a ligand or co-catalyst in various organic transformations. Its ability to stabilize reactive intermediates and facilitate complex reactions has led to its incorporation into multi-step synthetic routes for complex molecules. For instance, it has been used in cross-coupling reactions, hydrogenation processes, and oxidation reactions, where its stabilizing effect enhances reaction yields and selectivity.

The agrochemical sector has also begun to explore the benefits of Ethylene Carbonate. Its application as a solvent in pesticide formulations improves their efficacy by ensuring better dispersion and absorption into plant tissues. Moreover, its environmental profile allows for reduced persistence in soil and water systems, minimizing ecological risks associated with agricultural practices.

The synthesis of Ethylene Carbonate itself is another area of active research. Traditional methods involve the reaction of ethylene oxide with carbon monoxide under high pressure and temperature conditions. However, recent advancements have focused on developing more sustainable production techniques that reduce energy consumption and waste generation. These innovations align with global efforts to promote green manufacturing practices.

The medical field has further expanded the applications of Ethylene Carbonate beyond drug formulation. It has been investigated as a potential treatment for certain medical conditions due to its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Preliminary studies suggest that derivatives of Ethylene Carbonate could be effective in managing chronic pain syndromes without the side effects associated with traditional pain medications.

The future prospects of Ethylene Carbonate are vast and multifaceted. As research continues to uncover new applications and refine production methods, this compound is poised to play an increasingly important role across multiple industries. Its versatility, environmental compatibility, and potential health benefits make it a compound worth watching as scientific innovation progresses.

• 35466-86-5(Carbonic acid,2-methoxyethyl methyl ester)
• 35466-87-6(2-Ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl Ethyl Carbonate)
• 106729-72-0(Carbonic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl methyl ester)
• 362049-63-6(1,3-Dioxolan-2-one-d4)
• 76425-92-8(2,5,8,10,13-Pentaoxapentadecanoicacid, 9-oxo-, 2-ethoxyethyl ester)
• 626-84-6(ethanol, 2-methoxy-, carbonate (2:1))
• 1173023-62-5(1,3-Dioxolan-2-one-2,4,5-13C3)
• 2049-74-3(bis(2-ethoxyethyl) carbonate)
• 6947-11-1(2-(2-ethoxycarbonyloxyethoxy)ethyl Ethyl Carbonate)
• 88754-66-9(2,5-Dioxahexanedioic Acid Dimethyl Ester)