Production Method 1

4339-27-9

923-42-2

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Catalysts: Nafion NR 50

Reference

Preparation of 1,2,4-butanetricarboxylic acid

, Japan, , ,

Production Method 2

923-42-2

Reaction Conditions

Reference

The β-carotene-oxygen copolymer: Its relationship to apocarotenoids and β-carotene function

Mogg, Trevor J.; Burton, Graham W., Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 2021, 99(9), 751-762

Production Method 3

923-42-2

Reaction Conditions

Reference

Prostanoids. VII. Trans-2,3-dicarboethoxycyclopentanone in the synthesis of prostaglandins

Tolstikov, G. A.; Miftakhov, M. S.; Akbutina, F. A., Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii, 1984, 20(2), 301-12

Production Method 4

923-42-2

Reaction Conditions

Reference

Highly pure 1,2,4-butanetricarboxylic acid

, Japan, , ,

Production Method 5

923-42-2

Reaction Conditions

Reference

1,2,4-Butanetricarboxylic acid

, Japan, , ,

Production Method 6

923-42-2

Reaction Conditions

Reference

Prostaglandins. 3. Synthetic approaches to 11-deoxyprostaglandins

White, W. L.; Anzeveno, P. B.; Johnson, Francis, Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1982, 47(12), 2379-87

Production Method 7

923-42-2

Reaction Conditions

Reference

Butanetricarboxylic acid

, France, , ,

Production Method 8

923-42-2

Reaction Conditions

Reference

Syntheses of di- and triesters containing oxo groups

Gelin, Rene; Chignac, Michel, Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France, 1965, (1), 139-43

Production Method 9

923-42-2

Reaction Conditions

Reference

Study of the structure of butadiene polymers by means of ozonolysis

Rabjohn, Norman; Bryan, Carl E.; Inskeep, G. Esler; Johnson, H. W.; Lawson, J. Keith, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1947, 69, 314-19

Production Method 10

110-15-6

923-42-2

141-82-2

6915-15-7

99-14-9

1703-58-8

77-92-9

499-12-7

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Solvents: Water

Reference

The possible role of hydrothermal vents in chemical evolution: Succinic acid radiolysis and thermolysis

Cruz-Castaneda, J.; Colin-Garcia, M.; Negron-Mendoza, A., AIP Conference Proceedings, 2014, 1607(1), 104-110

Production Method 11

91912-46-8

923-42-2

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Catalysts: Palladium (carbon supported with sulfur promoter) Solvents: Water ;  4 h, 150 °C

Reference

Synthesis of organic acids from homocitrate and homocitrate derivatives

, World Intellectual Property Organization, , ,

Production Method 12

17419-81-7

923-42-2

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Reagents: Sodium hydroxide Catalysts: Copper ,  Nickel dihydroxide ;  6 h

Reference

Electrifying Adipic Acid Production: Copper-Promoted Oxidation and C-C Cleavage of Cyclohexanol

Wang, Ran; Kang, Yikun; Wu, Jianxiang; Jiang, Tao; Wang, Yongjie; et al, Angewandte Chemie, 2022, 61(50),

Production Method 13

90643-94-0

923-42-2

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Reagents: Hydrochloric acid Solvents: Water

Reference

Preparation of 1,2,4-butanetricarboxylic acid

, Japan, , ,

Production Method 14

923-42-2

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Reagents: Copper ,  Nitric acid

Reference

Some syntheses of 1,2,4-butanetricarboxylic acids

Lynn, John W.; Roberts, Richard L., Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1961, 26, 4303-5

Production Method 15

4771-80-6

923-42-2

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Reagents: Hydrogen peroxide Solvents: Formic acid ,  Methanol

Reference

Absolute configuration of 3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid

Ceder, Olof; Hansson, Bo, Acta Chemica Scandinavica (1947-1973), 1970, 24(8), 2693-8

Production Method 16

4771-80-6

923-42-2

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Reagents: (OC-6-22)-Pentaamminechlorocobalt(1+) Catalysts: Bis(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(2+) ,  (OC-6-43)-Aqua[α-(2-pyridinyl-κN)-N,N-bis[(2-pyridinyl-κN)methyl]-2-pyridinemeth… Solvents: Water-d2 ;  1 h, 298 K

Reference

Photocatalytic Oxidation of Organic Compounds in Water by Using Ruthenium(II)-Pyridylamine Complexes as Catalysts with High Efficiency and Selectivity

Ohzu, Shingo; Ishizuka, Tomoya; Hirai, Yuichirou; Fukuzumi, Shunichi; Kojima, Takahiko, Chemistry - A European Journal, 2013, 19(5), 1563-1567

Production Method 17

923-42-2

Reaction Conditions

Reference

Preparation of polycarboxy compounds

, European Patent Organization, , ,

Production Method 18

923-42-2

Reaction Conditions

Reference

Purification of polycarboxylic acids

, Federal Republic of Germany, , ,

Production Method 19

923-42-2

Reaction Conditions

Reference

Fragmentation of some keto esters during reduction with aluminum isopropylate

Zalinyan, M. G.; Arutyunyan, V. S.; Dangyan, M. T., Armyanskii Khimicheskii Zhurnal, 1978, 31(6), 412-15

Production Method 20

923-42-2

Reaction Conditions

Reference

Addition of ω-carboxyalkyl radicals to olefins. Synthesis of di- and tricarboxylic acids

Starostin, E. K.; Golovin, B. A.; Nikishin, G. I., Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, 1974, (7), 1557-60

1,2,4-Butanetricarboxylic acid Raw materials

• cyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylic acid
• Pentanedioic acid,2-(cyanomethyl)-, 1,5-dimethyl ester
• 1,2,4-Butanetricarboxylicacid, 1,2,4-trimethyl ester
• 4-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid
• butanedioic acid
• 2-(Carboxymethyl)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid

1,2,4-Butanetricarboxylic acid Preparation Products

• propanedioic acid (141-82-2)
• Malic acid (6915-15-7)
• 1,2,4-Butanetricarboxylic acid (923-42-2)
• propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid (99-14-9)
• 1,2,3,4-Butanetetracarboxylic acid (1703-58-8)
• Citric acid (77-92-9)
• prop-1-ene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid (499-12-7)

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• Solvents and Organic Chemicals Organic Compounds Organic acids and derivatives Carboxylic acids and derivatives Tricarboxylic acids and derivatives

1,2,4-Butanetricarboxylic Acid (CAS 923-42-2): A Versatile Tricarboxylic Acid in Pharmaceutical and Biotechnological Applications

1,2,4-Butanetricarboxylic acid, with the chemical formula C₆H₁₀O₆, is a key compound identified by the CAS number 923-42-2. This tricarboxylic acid features three carboxyl groups positioned at carbon atoms 1, 2, and 4 of the butane backbone, forming a unique molecular structure that contributes to its diverse functional properties. Recent studies have highlighted its potential in pharmaceutical development, material science, and metabolic research, making it a critical compound for interdisciplinary applications.

The 1,2,4-Butanetricarboxylic acid molecule exhibits high solubility in polar solvents, which is essential for its use in aqueous-based formulations. Its structural similarity to other tricarboxylic acids, such as citric acid and succinic acid, allows it to participate in various biochemical pathways. Notably, recent research published in *Journal of Medicinal Chemistry* (2023) has demonstrated its role as a precursor in the synthesis of novel antiviral agents targeting RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRp), a key enzyme in viral replication.

One of the most significant breakthroughs in the application of 1,2,4-Butanetricarboxylic acid is its use as a drug delivery carrier in nanotechnology. A 2023 study in *Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews* explored its ability to form stable micellar systems with hydrophobic drugs, enhancing bioavailability and reducing systemic toxicity. This property has been leveraged in the development of targeted therapies for cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, where controlled release of active compounds is critical.

The CAS number 923-42-2 also plays a pivotal role in the synthesis of biodegradable polymers. Researchers at the University of Tokyo (2023) reported that 1,2,4-Butanetricarboxylic acid can be polymerized into polyesters with tunable degradation rates, making it suitable for medical implants and tissue engineering scaffolds. These materials are designed to degrade harmlessly in the body, minimizing long-term toxicity risks.

In the realm of metabolic research, 1,2,4-Butanetricarboxylic acid has been implicated in the regulation of energy homeostasis. A 2023 study in *Cell Metabolism* revealed its involvement in the citric acid cycle, where it serves as an intermediate in the oxidation of carbohydrates and fatty acids. This discovery has opened new avenues for understanding metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity, with potential applications in metabolic engineering.

The synthesis of 1,2,4-Butanetricarboxylic acid has been optimized through various chemical routes, including oxidative cleavage of diols and enzymatic hydrolysis of glycosides. A 2023 paper in *Green Chemistry* described a sustainable method using biocatalysts to produce the compound with high yield and minimal environmental impact, aligning with the principles of green chemistry and circular economy.

Regarding toxicological profiles, the CAS number 923-42-2 compound has been evaluated for its safety in biological systems. According to the latest guidelines from the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), it is classified as non-hazardous under normal conditions of use, with no significant acute or chronic toxicity observed in in vivo and in vitro studies. This classification supports its widespread use in industrial and research settings.

The 1,2,4-Butanetricarboxylic acid molecule also shows promise in the development of electrochemical sensors. Researchers at MIT (2023) have utilized its redox-active properties to create sensors for detecting biomarkers in real-time, with applications in point-of-care diagnostics and environmental monitoring. These sensors offer high sensitivity and specificity, enabling early detection of diseases and pollutants.

Looking ahead, the 1,2,4-Butanetricarboxylic acid compound is poised to play a central role in the next generation of pharmaceuticals and biotechnological innovations. Its unique structural features and functional versatility make it an ideal candidate for further exploration in personalized medicine, where tailored therapies can address individual genetic and metabolic profiles.

In conclusion, the 1,2,4-Butanetricarboxylic acid (CAS 923-42-2) represents a multifaceted compound with far-reaching implications across multiple scientific disciplines. Its integration into advanced drug delivery systems, biodegradable materials, and metabolic research underscores its significance in modern science and technology. Continued research into its properties and applications will undoubtedly expand its utility in solving complex biological and industrial challenges.

• 28484-22-2(Undecanoic acid,2,4,6-trimethyl-)
• 626-70-0(Hexanedioic acid,2-methyl-)
• 2530-33-8(Butanedioic acid,2-decyl-)
• 61866-40-8(Octanoic acid, 2-methyl-, (2S)-)
• 69868-06-0(Pentadecanoic acid,2-ethyl-)
• 60948-91-6(Octanoic acid, 2-hexyl-)
• 69868-08-2(Heptadecanoic acid,2-ethyl-)
• 69868-07-1(2-Ethyltridecanoic acid)
• 65185-82-2(Nonanoic acid,2-propyl-)
• 6940-58-5(Pentane-1,3,5-tricarboxylic Acid)