Application of chiral ligands: carbohydrates, nucleoside-lanthanides and other Lewis acid complexes to control regio- and stereoselectivity of the dipolar cycloaddition reactions of nitrile oxides and esters?

RSC Advances Pub Date: 2015-01-26 DOI: 10.1039/C4RA15975F

Abstract

Chiral Lewis acid mediated 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of 4-trifluoromethylbenzonitrile oxide to methyl crotonate as well to β-substituted acrylates and (Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl esters were examined. Excellent enantioselectivities with moderate to good regioselectivities were achieved for crotonates with complexes of BiBr3 with (+)-(4,6-benzylidene)methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside C, with the L-ascorbic acid I–FeCl3 system, and with lipase Candida antarctica. High enantiomeric excess was observed for isopropyl ester and benzyl ester. The outstanding ee values were achieved for acrylates with β-t-butyl, cyclohexyl, and 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl groups in cycloadditions catalyzed by C–Yb(OTf)3 and the (+)-2-hydroxy-3-pinanone N–TiCl4 system. High enantioselectivities were found in reactions of (Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl esters mediated by complexes N–Mg(OTf)2 and N–TiCl4.

Graphical abstract: Application of chiral ligands: carbohydrates, nucleoside-lanthanides and other Lewis acid complexes to control regio- and stereoselectivity of the dipolar cycloaddition reactions of nitrile oxides and esters
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