Production Method 1

97-77-8

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Reagents: Sodium hydroxide ,  Sulfuric acid ,  Hydrogen peroxide Solvents: Water ;  20 °C
1.1 Solvents: Ethanol ;  1 min, 20 - 30 °C; 5 min, 20 - 30 °C
1.1 Reagents: Manganese diacetate ,  Oxygen Solvents: Isopropanol ;  90 min, 1.7 bar, 50 °C

Reference

Preparation method of rubber vulcanization accelerator tetraalkyl thiuram disulfide using continuous micro-reaction systemPreparation method of tetrahydrocarbyl thiuram disulfide by photocatalytic oxidationDevelopment of an improved method for conversion of thiuram disulfides into N,N-dialkylcarbamoyl halides and derivatives

Adeppa, K.; et al, China, 2011, 41(2), 285-290

Production Method 2

114032-01-8

148-18-5

97-77-8

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Reagents: Hydrogen peroxide Solvents: Methanol ,  Water

Reference

Diethyldithiocarbamic acid S-oxide: a new class of sulfine

Watanabe, Yoshihito; et al, Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1988, 53(9), 2119-20

Production Method 3

1159002-26-2

97-77-8

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Catalysts: Diammonium cerium hexanitrate Solvents: Tetrahydrofuran ;  10 min, rt; 9 h, rt
1.2 Reagents: Hydrochloric acid Solvents: Dichloromethane ,  Water ;  10 min, rt
1.1 Reagents: Oxygen Catalysts: 2407428-85-5 ;  20 - 40 °C
1.2 Solvents: Water ;  pH 8 - 10
1.1 Reagents: Oxygen Catalysts: (SP-4-1)-[2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-Octaphenyl-21H,23H-porphinato(2-)-κN21,κN22,κN23,κ… ;  20 - 40 °C
1.2 Solvents: Water ;  pH 8 - 10

Reference

Cerium ammonium nitrate-catalyzed aerobic oxidative coupling of dithiocarbamates: facile synthesis of thioureas and bis(aminothiocarbonyl)disulfidesAza-substitution, benzo-annulation effects and catalytic activity of β-octaphenyl-substituted tetrapyrrolic macroheterocyclic cobalt complexes. I. heterogeneous catalysisAza-substitution, benzo-annulation effects and catalytic activity of β-octaphenyl-substituted tetrapyrrolic macroheterocyclic cobalt complexes. I. heterogeneous catalysis

Li, Tian-Tian; et al Vashurin, Artur; et al Vashurin, Artur; et al, RSC Advances, 2014, 4(75), 40054-40060

Production Method 4

1487939-37-6

97-77-8

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Catalysts: Pyrylium, 2,4,6-tris(4-methoxyphenyl)-, tetrafluoroborate(1-) (1:1) Solvents: Dichloromethane
1.1 Reagents: Tetrabutylammonium perchlorate ,  Tempo Solvents: Dichloromethane ;  3 h, rt
1.1 Catalysts: Pyrylium, 2,4,6-tris(4-methoxyphenyl)-, tetrafluoroborate(1-) (1:1) Solvents: Dichloromethane ;  12 h

Reference

Photoredox Catalysis in Photocontrolled Cationic Polymerizations of Vinyl EthersElectrochemically Controlled Cationic Polymerization of Vinyl EthersMechanistic Insight into the Photocontrolled Cationic Polymerization of Vinyl Ethers

Sifri, Renee J.; et al Peterson, Brian M.; et al Michaudel, Quentin; et al, Accounts of Chemical Research, 2022, 55(14), 1960-1971

Production Method 5

97-77-8

Reaction Conditions

Reference

Preparation of bis(ethylamino)disulfirams as ALDH1a1 and MAGL inhibitorsSARM1 enzyme activity inhibitor and use thereof in neurodegenerative diseasesCo-delivery of nanoparticle and molecular drug by hollow mesoporous organosilica for tumor-activated and photothermal-augmented chemotherapy of breast cancer

Zhang, Haixian; et al, United States, 2021, 19(1),

Production Method 6

147-84-2

19865-33-9

97-77-8

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Solvents: Diethyl ether ;  30 min, 0 °C; 1.5 h, 0 °C; 1.5 h, rt
2.1 Reagents: Tetrabutylammonium perchlorate ,  Tempo Solvents: Dichloromethane ;  3 h, rt

Reference

Electrochemically Controlled Cationic Polymerization of Vinyl Ethers

Peterson, Brian M.; et al, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2018, 140(6), 2076-2079

Production Method 7

97-77-8

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Reagents: Hydrochloric acid Solvents: Diethyl ether ;  10 min, -78 °C; 1.5 h, -78 °C
2.1 Solvents: Diethyl ether ;  30 min, 0 °C; 1.5 h, 0 °C; 1.5 h, rt
3.1 Reagents: Tetrabutylammonium perchlorate ,  Tempo Solvents: Dichloromethane ;  3 h, rt

Reference

Electrochemically Controlled Cationic Polymerization of Vinyl Ethers

Peterson, Brian M.; et al, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2018, 140(6), 2076-2079

Production Method 8

594-31-0

148-18-5

97-77-8

603-36-1

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Solvents: Toluene ;  3 h, 100 °C

Reference

Synthesis and Structure of Tetraphenylantimony N,N-Diethyldithiocarbamate

Sharutin, V. V.; et al, Russian Journal of General Chemistry (Translation of Zhurnal Obshchei Khimii), 2002, 72(9), 1379-1382

Production Method 9

548761-51-9

188526-94-5

97-77-8

654636-62-1

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Solvents: Ethanol ;  rt; 4 h, 20 °C
1.2 -

Reference

Process for preparation of alkoxyamines by photolysis of dithiocarbamates

, France, , ,

Production Method 10

97-77-8

109918-83-4

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Reagents: Hydrochloric acid Solvents: Ethanol ,  Water
1.2 Solvents: Ethylene glycol

Reference

Alkylhydroxybenzyl dialkyldithiocarbamates-antioxidizing agents for hydrocarbons

Pereslegina, N. S.; et al, Neftekhimiya, 1986, 26(4), 563-70

Production Method 11

147-84-2

97-77-8

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Reagents: 3,6-Bis(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine Solvents: Ethanol ,  Water ;  30 min, 40 °C
1.1 Reagents: Iodine Solvents: Acetonitrile ;  2 min, rt
1.1 Reagents: Diethylamine ,  Hydrogen peroxide

Reference

3,6-Di(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (pytz) mediated metal-free mild oxidation of thiols to disulfides in aqueous mediumRadiosynthesis of [thiocarbonyl-11C]disulfiram and its first PET study in miceSimple one-pot synthesis of thioureas from amine, carbon disulfide and oxidants in water

Samanta, Suvendu; et al Ishii, Hideki; et al Milosavljevic, Milutin M.; et al, RSC Advances, 2016, 6(45), 39356-39363

Production Method 12

148-18-5

97-77-8

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Reagents: Sodium nitrite ,  Hydrochloric acid Solvents: Water
1.1 Reagents: Dimethyl sulfoxide ,  Chlorotrimethylsilane Catalysts: Cyanuric chloride Solvents: Dichloromethane ;  2 h, rt
1.1 Reagents: Iodine Solvents: Methanol ;  0 °C

Reference

Preparation of diethylthiocarbamoyl chlorideTrimethylchlorosilane (TMSCl) and cyanuric chloride (CC) catalyzed efficient oxidative coupling of thiols with dimethyl sulfoxideMechanistic Insight into the Photocontrolled Cationic Polymerization of Vinyl Ethers

Zhu, Xueyou; et al Karimi, Babak; et al Michaudel, Quentin; et al, Huaxue Shiji, 1992, 14(2), 113-14

Production Method 13

147-84-2

97-77-8

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Reagents: Hydrochloric acid Solvents: Diethyl ether ;  10 min, -78 °C; 1.5 h, -78 °C
1.2 Solvents: Diethyl ether ;  30 min, 0 °C; 1.5 h, 0 °C; 1.5 h, rt
2.1 Reagents: Tetrabutylammonium perchlorate ,  Tempo Solvents: Dichloromethane ;  3 h, rt

Reference

Electrochemically Controlled Cationic Polymerization of Vinyl Ethers

Peterson, Brian M.; et al, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2018, 140(6), 2076-2079

Production Method 14

697-82-5

97-77-8

109918-82-3

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Reagents: Hydrochloric acid Solvents: Ethanol ,  Water
1.2 -

Reference

Alkylhydroxybenzyl dialkyldithiocarbamates-antioxidizing agents for hydrocarbons

Pereslegina, N. S.; et al, Neftekhimiya, 1986, 26(4), 563-70

Production Method 15

20484-31-5

97-77-8

109918-83-4

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Solvents: Ethylene glycol

Reference

Alkylhydroxybenzyl dialkyldithiocarbamates-antioxidizing agents for hydrocarbons

Pereslegina, N. S.; et al, Neftekhimiya, 1986, 26(4), 563-70

Production Method 16

1044266-69-4

97-77-8

97-77-8

1044266-69-4

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Solvents: Methanol ,  Tetrahydrofuran ;  4 h, 35 °C

Reference

Interaction of wheat germ agglutinin with an N-acetylglucosamine-carrying telomer brush accumulated on a colloidal gold monolayer

Kitano, Hiromi; et al, Colloids and Surfaces, 2008, 61(1), 17-24

Production Method 17

97-77-8

136-93-6

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Solvents: Toluene ;  48 h, reflux

Reference

Chemically sensitized aqueous-based photothermographic emulsions and materials

, European Patent Organization, , ,

Production Method 18

72546-43-1

97-77-8

1202-36-4

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Solvents: Dichloromethane

Reference

Crystal structures of tellurium compounds Ph2Te(S2P(OEt)2)2 and of two modifications of Ph2Te(S2CNEt2)2Diorganyltellurium bis-(dialkylcarbamates) and -(dithiocarbamates)

Dakternieks, Dainis; et al Wieber, M.; et al, Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, 1988, 349(3), 305-14

Disulfiram Raw materials

• Phenol, 2-[(diethylamino)methyl]-4-methyl-
• Triphenylantimony dichloride
• Carbamodithioic acid,N,N-diethyl-
• Carbamothio(thioperoxoic) acid, N,N-diethyl-, sodium salt (1:1)
• Carbamodithioic acid, N,N-diethyl-, ion(1-), sodium (1:1)
• Propanoic acid, 2-[[(diethylamino)thioxomethyl]thio]-2-methyl-
• Ditiocarb sodium
• N-[6-[[2-(Acetylamino)-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]hexyl]-2-methyl-2-propenamide
• Tellurium, bis(diethylcarbamodithioato-S)diphenyl-, (T-4)-
• Disulfiram
• Carbamodithioic acid, N,N-diethyl-, 1-(2-methylpropoxy)ethyl ester
• 1-(1-chloroethoxy)-2-methylpropane
• 2,3,5-Trimethyphenol

Disulfiram Preparation Products

• Carbamodithioic acid, diethyl-, (2-hydroxy-3,4,6-trimethylphenyl)methyl ester (109918-82-3)
• (136-93-6)
• Carbamodithioic acid, diethyl-, (2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl ester (109918-83-4)
• 3,7-Dioxa-4-aza-6-phosphanonanoic acid,4,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-6-ethoxy-2,2-dimethyl-, 6-oxide (654636-62-1)
• Benzene,1,1'-tellurobis- (1202-36-4)
• N-[6-[[2-(Acetylamino)-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]hexyl]-2-methyl-2-propenamide (1044266-69-4)
• Disulfiram (97-77-8)
• Triphenylantimony (603-36-1)

• 1. Evolution of cellulose into flexible conductive green electronics: a smart strategy to fabricate sustainable electrodes for supercapacitors
  Tengfei Yu,Yuehan Wu,Wei Li,Bin Li RSC Adv., 2014,4, 34134-34143
• 2. Evidence of pre-micellar aggregates in aqueous solution of amphiphilic PDMS–PEO block copolymer?
  Domenico Lombardo,Gianmarco Munaò,Pietro Calandra,Luigi Pasqua,Maria Teresa Caccamo Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2019,21, 11983-11991
• 3. Dissociation of large gaseous serine clusters produces abundant protonated serine octamer
  Jacob S. Jordan,Evan R. Williams Analyst, 2021,146, 2617-2625
• 4. Emergence of microfluidic wearable technologies
  Joo Chuan Yeo,Kenry Lab Chip, 2016,16, 4082-4090
• 5. Enabling high-throughput single-animal gene-expression studies with molecular and micro-scale technologies
  Jason Wan Lab Chip, 2020,20, 4528-4538

• Solvents and Organic Chemicals Organic Compounds Organic nitrogen compounds Organonitrogen compounds Thiuram disulfides

Disulfiram (CAS No. 97-77-8): Chemical Profile and Recent Applications

Disulfiram, with the chemical formula C₄H₆NS₂, is an organosulfur compound widely recognized for its pharmacological properties. Its CAS number, CAS No. 97-77-8, uniquely identifies it in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. This compound has been extensively studied for its applications in medicine, particularly in the treatment of alcoholism and as a biochemical research tool.

The mechanism of action of Disulfiram revolves around its ability to inhibit the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). This inhibition leads to the accumulation of acetaldehyde, a toxic byproduct of alcohol metabolism, resulting in unpleasant symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and headache when alcohol is consumed. These adverse effects serve as a deterrent to alcohol consumption, making it a valuable therapeutic agent in addiction management.

Recent research has expanded the understanding of Disulfiram's applications beyond its traditional use. Studies have explored its potential in combating parasitic infections, particularly those caused by protozoa like *Leishmania*. The compound's ability to disrupt mitochondrial function in these pathogens has been a focus of interest. Additionally, Disulfiram has shown promise in the development of novel anticancer agents, where its toxic effect on rapidly dividing cells could be leveraged.

In the field of biochemistry, Disulfiram has been utilized as a tool to study metabolic pathways involving aldehyde dehydrogenases. These enzymes are crucial in detoxifying various aldehydes and play a role in drug metabolism. By inhibiting ALDH, researchers can gain insights into the consequences of altered aldehyde levels in biological systems. This has implications for understanding diseases where ALDH dysfunction is implicated, such as certain types of cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.

The synthesis and characterization of derivatives of Disulfiram (CAS No. 97-77-8) have also been a subject of recent interest. Chemists have modified its structure to enhance its pharmacological properties or reduce side effects. For instance, derivatives with improved solubility or targeted delivery systems have been explored for more effective therapeutic outcomes. These modifications highlight the versatility of this compound and its potential for further medical applications.

The pharmacokinetics of Disulfiram have been thoroughly investigated to optimize its therapeutic use. Studies have examined its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) profiles in different populations. This research helps in determining appropriate dosages and identifying potential interactions with other medications. Understanding these pharmacokinetic parameters is essential for ensuring the safety and efficacy of Disulfiram in clinical settings.

The ethical considerations surrounding the use of Disulfiram have also been discussed in recent literature. While it is effective in promoting abstinence from alcohol, concerns about patient compliance and psychological dependence on the drug have been raised. Balancing its benefits with these considerations is crucial for responsible medical practice. Additionally, efforts are being made to educate patients about the mechanisms behind its effects to foster better adherence to treatment plans.

The future directions for research on Disulfiram (CAS No. 97-77-8) are promising and multifaceted. Advances in computational chemistry and molecular modeling are expected to aid in designing new derivatives with enhanced properties. Furthermore, exploring its role in combination therapies could lead to more effective strategies for treating alcoholism and other diseases associated with ALDH dysfunction.

In conclusion, Disulfiram, identified by its CAS number 97-77-8, remains a significant compound in both medical therapy and biochemical research. Its unique mechanism of action and broad range of potential applications make it a valuable asset in addressing various health challenges. As research continues to uncover new insights into its properties and uses, the therapeutic landscape is likely to benefit further from this versatile organosulfur compound.

• 3064-73-1(Isobutyl Thiuram Disulfide)
• 29053-37-0(Disulfide,bis[(hexahydro-4-isopropyl-1H-1,4-diazepin-1-yl)thiocarbonyl] (8CI))
• 2556-42-5(Thioperoxydicarbonicdiamide ([(H2N)C(S)]2S2), N,N,N',N'-tetrapropyl-)
• 29053-35-8(Piperazine,1,1'-(dithiodicarbonothioyl)bis[4-(1-methylethyl)- (9CI))
• 1634-02-2(Tetra-n-butylthiuram Disulfide)
• 13104-02-4(1-Piperazineethanol,4,4'-(dithiodicarbonothioyl)bis- (9CI))
• 26087-98-9(bis-(4-Methyl-1-homopiperazinylthiocarbonyl)disulfide)
• 22158-12-9(Carbamo(dithioperoxo)thioicacid, diethyl-, methyl ester (9CI))
• 2438-91-7(Thioperoxydicarbonicdiamide ([(H2N)C(S)]2S2), N,N'-diethyl- (9CI))
• 29053-34-7(Piperazine,1,1'-(dithiodicarbonothioyl)bis[4-ethyl- (9CI))