Production Method 1

106-93-4

366-18-7

85-00-7

Reaction Conditions

1.1 Solvents: Nitrobenzene ;  3 h, 210 °C

Reference

Stable Radical Cation-Containing Covalent Organic Frameworks Exhibiting Remarkable Structure-Enhanced Photothermal Conversion

Mi, Zhen; et al, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2019, 141(36), 14433-14442

Diquat Dibromide Raw materials

• 1,2-Dibromoethane
• 2,2'-Bipyridine

Diquat Dibromide Preparation Products

• Diquat Dibromide (85-00-7)

• 1. Excellent kinetics of single-phase Gd-doped ceria fuel electrodes in solid oxide cells?
  Andreas Nenning,Manuel Holzmann,Jürgen Fleig,Alexander K. Opitz Mater. Adv., 2021,2, 5422-5431
• 2. Emerging investigator series: first-principles and thermodynamics comparison of compositionally-tuned delafossites: cation release from the (001) surface of complex metal oxides?
  Joseph W. Bennett,Diamond T. Jones,Blake G. Hudson,Joshua Melendez-Rivera,Robert J. Hamers,Sara E. Mason Environ. Sci.: Nano, 2020,7, 1642-1651
• 3. Establishing plasmon contribution to chemical reactions: alkoxyamines as a thermal probe?
  Olga Guselnikova,Gérard Audran,Jean-Patrick Joly,Andrii Trelin,Evgeny V. Tretyakov,Vaclav Svorcik,Oleksiy Lyutakov,Sylvain R. A. Marque Chem. Sci., 2021,12, 4154-4161
• 4. Examination of the hydrogen-bonding networks in small water clusters (n = 2–5, 13, 17) using absolutely localized molecular orbital energy decomposition analysis?
  Erika A. Cobar,Paul R. Horn,Robert G. Bergman,Martin Head-Gordon Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2012,14, 15328-15339
• 5. Excellent energy storage performance in NaNbO3-based relaxor antiferroeic ceramics under a low electric field
  XuxinCheng,XiaomingChen,PengyuanFan

Diquat Dibromide (CAS No. 85-00-7): A Comprehensive Overview in Modern Chemical Biology and Medicine

Diquat Dibromide, chemically known by its CAS number 85-00-7, is a widely recognized compound in the field of chemical biology and medicine. This organochlorine herbicide has garnered significant attention due to its unique mechanism of action and its applications in both agricultural and pharmaceutical research. The compound's molecular structure, characterized by a diquat core and dibromide substituents, contributes to its distinctive reactivity and biological properties.

The primary mode of action of Diquat Dibromide involves the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon interaction with biological tissues. This property has been extensively studied in various contexts, particularly in the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Recent research has highlighted the potential of this compound as a pro-oxidant agent, which could be leveraged in the treatment of certain medical conditions where oxidative stress plays a pivotal role.

In the realm of agricultural science, Diquat Dibromide is primarily utilized as a contact herbicide. Its efficacy lies in its ability to rapidly disrupt cellular processes in plants upon absorption through leaves or stems. This makes it particularly effective against broadleaf weeds and certain grasses. The compound's selectivity and rapid action have made it a staple in integrated pest management systems, where precision and efficiency are paramount.

Recent advancements in chemical biology have expanded the applications of Diquat Dibromide beyond traditional agriculture. Researchers have begun exploring its potential in model systems for studying cellular responses to oxidative stress. The compound's ability to induce controlled levels of ROS has provided valuable insights into the mechanisms of cellular damage and repair. This has opened new avenues for understanding diseases associated with oxidative stress, such as neurodegenerative disorders and inflammation.

The synthesis and characterization of Diquat Dibromide have also seen significant improvements with advancements in synthetic chemistry. Modern techniques have enabled the production of high-purity forms of the compound, which are essential for rigorous biological studies. Techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy have been instrumental in confirming the structural integrity and purity of synthesized samples.

In pharmaceutical research, Diquat Dibromide has been investigated for its potential role as an adjuvant in vaccine formulations. Studies suggest that its pro-oxidant properties may enhance immune responses by promoting the activation of immune cells. This concept aligns with emerging trends in immunotherapy, where modulating oxidative stress is considered a viable strategy to improve vaccine efficacy.

The environmental impact of Diquat Dibromide has also been a subject of thorough investigation. While it is effective as an herbicide, concerns regarding its persistence and potential effects on non-target organisms have prompted research into more sustainable alternatives. Efforts are underway to develop formulations that minimize environmental footprint while maintaining efficacy. These efforts include exploring biodegradable derivatives and integrated systems that reduce reliance on chemical herbicides.

From a regulatory perspective, the use of Diquat Dibromide is governed by stringent guidelines to ensure safety and efficacy. Regulatory bodies such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) have established protocols for its approval and use. These regulations emphasize the importance of comprehensive toxicological studies and risk assessments before widespread application.

The future prospects of Diquat Dibromide in chemical biology and medicine are promising, driven by ongoing research into its multifaceted applications. As our understanding of cellular processes continues to evolve, new uses for this compound are likely to emerge. Whether it remains a cornerstone in agricultural practices or finds new roles in medical research, Diquat Dibromide will undoubtedly continue to be a subject of interest and innovation.

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