• 1. An arsenic trioxide nanoparticle prodrug (ATONP) potentiates a therapeutic effect on an aggressive hepatocellular carcinoma model via enhancement of intratumoral arsenic accumulation and disturbance of the tumor microenvironment?
  Xin Fu,Qing-rong Liang,Rong-guang Luo,Yan-shu Li,Xiao-ping Xiao,Lu-lu Yu,Wen-zhe Shan,Guang-qin Fan J. Mater. Chem. B, 2019,7, 3088-3099
• 2. Aluminium alkyl and aryloxide complexes of pyrazine and bipyridines: synthesis and structure?
  Doug Ogrin,Laura H. van Poppel,Simon G. Bott,Andrew R. Barron Dalton Trans., 2004, 3689-3694
• 3. An automatic determination of thoria in thoria-urania mixtures
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• 4. Aggregation of biologically important peptides and proteins: inhibition or acceleration depending on protein and metal ion concentrations
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• Solvents and Organic Chemicals Organic Compounds Lipids and lipid-like molecules Prenol lipids Tetraterpenoids Carotenoids

15,15'-cis-β,β-Carotene: A Comprehensive Overview

15,15'-cis-β,β-Carotene, also known by its CAS number 19361-58-1, is a naturally occurring carotenoid with significant biological and nutritional importance. This compound belongs to the class of tetraterpenoids and is characterized by its unique molecular structure and vibrant orange color. As a key component in various biological systems, 15,15'-cis-β,β-Carotene has been extensively studied for its role in human health, particularly as a precursor to vitamin A and for its potent antioxidant properties.

The molecular structure of 15,15'-cis-β,β-Carotene consists of two β-ionone rings connected by a chain of conjugated double bonds. This arrangement not only contributes to its distinctive color but also plays a crucial role in its biological functions. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of the cis configuration in enhancing the compound's stability and bioavailability. Researchers have found that the cis isomer exhibits superior antioxidant activity compared to its trans counterpart, making it a focal point in both nutritional and pharmaceutical research.

In terms of applications, 15,15'-cis-β,β-Carotene is widely used as a food additive and natural colorant due to its vibrant hue and stability under various processing conditions. It is also incorporated into cosmetic products for its ability to protect the skin from oxidative stress caused by environmental factors such as UV radiation. The compound's role as a precursor to vitamin A makes it an essential nutrient for maintaining healthy vision and immune function.

Recent advancements in synthetic biology have enabled the cost-effective production of 15,15'-cis-β,β-Carotene through metabolic engineering of microorganisms. These innovations have significantly increased the availability of this compound for industrial applications while reducing reliance on traditional extraction methods from plant sources. Furthermore, ongoing research is exploring the potential of 15,15'-cis-β,β-Carotene in targeted drug delivery systems and as a nutraceutical ingredient in functional foods.

The safety profile of 15,15'-cis-β,β-Carotene has been extensively evaluated in preclinical studies. Results indicate that it exhibits low toxicity and is well-tolerated when consumed within recommended dietary limits. However, excessive intake has been associated with a condition known as carotenemia, characterized by yellow discoloration of the skin. Despite this limitation, the compound's benefits far outweigh its minor side effects.

In conclusion, 15,15'-cis-β,β-Carotene, with its CAS number 19361-58-1, stands as a pivotal molecule in both natural and synthetic systems. Its diverse applications across food science, cosmetics, and nutrition underscore its importance in modern industries. As research continues to uncover new insights into its molecular mechanisms and potential uses, this compound is poised to play an even greater role in enhancing human health and well-being.

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