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  Yong Ping Huang,Tao Tao,Zheng Chen,Wei Han,Ying Wu,Chunjiang Kuang,Shaoxiong Zhou,Ying Chen J. Mater. Chem. A, 2014,2, 18831-18837
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• Solvents and Organic Chemicals Organic Compounds Organoheterocyclic compounds Diazanaphthalenes Quinoxalines
• Solvents and Organic Chemicals Organic Compounds Organoheterocyclic compounds Diazanaphthalenes Benzodiazines Quinoxalines

Recent Advances in Quinoxaline-6-carboxylic Acid Hydrazide (CAS: 175204-23-6) Research: A Comprehensive Review

Quinoxaline-6-carboxylic Acid Hydrazide (CAS: 175204-23-6) has emerged as a compound of significant interest in the field of chemical biology and pharmaceutical research. This heterocyclic hydrazide derivative, characterized by its quinoxaline core, has demonstrated promising pharmacological properties, particularly in antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory applications. Recent studies have further elucidated its mechanism of action and potential therapeutic applications, positioning it as a valuable scaffold for drug development.

A 2023 study published in the Journal of Medicinal Chemistry investigated the antimicrobial efficacy of Quinoxaline-6-carboxylic Acid Hydrazide against multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. The research team synthesized a series of derivatives and evaluated their activity against ESKAPE pathogens. Results indicated that the compound exhibited potent inhibitory effects against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 2-8 μg/mL. Molecular docking studies suggested that the compound interferes with bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, providing a plausible mechanism for its antibacterial activity.

In the realm of anticancer research, a recent breakthrough was reported in Bioorganic Chemistry (2024), where Quinoxaline-6-carboxylic Acid Hydrazide derivatives were shown to selectively inhibit histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6). The lead compound in this series demonstrated remarkable cytotoxicity against triple-negative breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231) with an IC50 of 0.78 μM, while showing minimal toxicity toward normal mammary epithelial cells. This selectivity was attributed to the compound's unique binding mode in the HDAC6 catalytic pocket, as revealed by X-ray crystallography studies.

The compound's pharmacokinetic properties have also been a focus of recent investigations. A 2024 ADMET study published in European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences evaluated the drug-likeness parameters of Quinoxaline-6-carboxylic Acid Hydrazide. The results showed favorable absorption characteristics (Caco-2 permeability: 12.3 × 10^-6 cm/s), moderate plasma protein binding (78.4%), and acceptable metabolic stability in human liver microsomes (t1/2 = 42 minutes). These findings suggest that the compound possesses suitable properties for further preclinical development.

Emerging research has also explored the anti-inflammatory potential of Quinoxaline-6-carboxylic Acid Hydrazide. A recent publication in Inflammation Research (2024) demonstrated that the compound significantly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-6) in LPS-stimulated macrophages by inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Notably, the compound showed superior efficacy compared to standard NSAIDs in a murine model of rheumatoid arthritis, reducing paw edema by 68% at a dose of 10 mg/kg.

From a synthetic chemistry perspective, novel methodologies for the preparation of Quinoxaline-6-carboxylic Acid Hydrazide have been developed. A 2023 study in Organic Process Research & Development reported a scalable, one-pot synthesis route with improved yield (82%) and purity (>99%). This advancement addresses previous challenges in large-scale production, facilitating further pharmacological evaluation and potential commercialization.

Looking forward, the diverse biological activities and improved synthetic accessibility of Quinoxaline-6-carboxylic Acid Hydrazide position it as a promising candidate for multiple therapeutic applications. Current research efforts are focused on optimizing its pharmacokinetic profile through structural modifications and exploring combination therapies to enhance efficacy against resistant pathogens and malignancies. The compound's unique chemical structure and demonstrated biological activities continue to attract significant attention from both academic researchers and pharmaceutical developers.

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