Nickel boryl complexes and nickel-catalyzed alkyne borylation?

Chemical Science Pub Date: 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.1039/D2SC04690C

Abstract

The first nickel bis-boryl complexes cis-[Ni(iPr2ImMe)2(Bcat)2], cis-[Ni(iPr2ImMe)2(Bpin)2] and cis-[Ni(iPr2ImMe)2(Beg)2] are reported, which were prepared via the reaction of a source of [Ni(iPr2ImMe)2] with the diboron(4) compounds B2cat2, B2pin2 and B2eg2 (iPr2ImMe = 1,3-di-iso-propyl-4,5-dimethylimidazolin-2-ylidene; B2cat2 = bis(catecholato)diboron; B2pin2 = bis(pinacolato)diboron; B2eg2 = bis(ethylene glycolato)diboron). X-ray diffraction and DFT calculations strongly suggest that a delocalized, multicenter bonding scheme dictates the bonding situation of the NiB2 moiety in these square planar complexes, reminiscent of the bonding situation of “non-classical” H2 complexes. [Ni(iPr2ImMe)2] also efficiently catalyzes the diboration of alkynes using B2cat2 as the boron source under mild conditions. In contrast to the known platinum-catalyzed diboration, the nickel system follows a different mechanistic pathway, which not only provides the 1,2-borylation product in excellent yields, but also provides an efficient approach to other products such as C–C coupled borylation products or rare tetra-borylated compounds. The mechanism of the nickel-catalyzed alkyne borylation was examined by means of stoichiometric reactions and DFT calculations. Oxidative addition of the diboron reagent to nickel is not dominant; the first steps of the catalytic cycle are coordination of the alkyne to [Ni(iPr2ImMe)2] and subsequent borylation at the coordinated and, thus, activated alkyne to yield complexes of the type [Ni(NHC)2(η2-cis-(Bcat)(R)C[double bond, length as m-dash]C(R)(Bcat))], exemplified by the isolation and structural characterization of [Ni(iPr2ImMe)2(η2-cis-(Bcat)(Me)C[double bond, length as m-dash]C(Me)(Bcat))] and [Ni(iPr2ImMe)2(η2-cis-(Bcat)(H7C3)C[double bond, length as m-dash]C(C3H7)(Bcat))].

Graphical abstract: Nickel boryl complexes and nickel-catalyzed alkyne borylation
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