Ferrofluid-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction using a deep eutectic solvent as a support: applications in the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in grilled meats?

Analytical MethodsANAL METHODS-UK Pub Date: 2020-02-18 DOI: 10.1039/D0AY00073F

Abstract

An ultrasonic-assisted ferrofluid-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction procedure combined with microwave-assisted counter current extraction has been used for the extraction of sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from grilled meat samples. In this method, a mixture of acetonitrile and sodium hydroxide solutions was added to the sample and the mixture was exposed to microwave radiation. Then, the mixture was passed through a barrel filled with sodium sulfate and the separated acetonitrile was mixed with an Fe3O4@TEOS–phosphocholine?:?menthol?:?decanoic acid ferrofluid. The mixture was rapidly dispersed in a sodium chloride solution (4%, w/v) and sonicated. The ferrofluid was discarded from the solution by an external magnet. Finally, the analytes were extracted into n-hexane and determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The validation parameters showed that the method has low limits of detection (in the range of 29–82 ng kg?1) and quantification (in the range of 97–277 ng kg?1), good extraction recoveries (73–92%), and high enrichment factors (730–920). Relative standard deviations less than 10% were obtained for intra- (n = 6) and inter-day (n = 6) precisions. Finally, 10 different grilled meat samples were successfully analyzed and fluoranthene, pyrene, and fluorene were found in most samples.

Graphical abstract: Ferrofluid-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction using a deep eutectic solvent as a support: applications in the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in grilled meats
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