Constructing magnetic Si–C–Fe hybrid microspheres for room temperature nitroarenes reduction?

Journal of Materials Chemistry A Pub Date: 2017-04-26 DOI: 10.1039/C7TA01156C

Abstract

In this work, we present, for the first time, the synthesis and characterization of magnetic Si–C–Fe hybrid microspheres and their catalytic performance in room temperature reduction of 4-nitrophenol as a representative sustainable process for converting environmental pollutants to fine chemicals. The ferrocene-modified polydivinylbenzene (Fc-PDVB) precursor was synthesized by Pt-catalyzed hydrosilylation between the residual vinyl groups on the PDVB surface and 1,1′-bis (dimethylsilyl)ferrocene, where further pyrolysis led to the formation of Fe nanocrystal-containing Si–C–Fe hybrid microspheres. The precursor and hybrid microspheres were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), BET surface area/porosity, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), magnetic properties and MAS solid-state NMR measurements. The ultimate microspherical catalyst exhibited nano- and meso-pores, a high specific surface area (i.e., 347.9 m2 g?1) and good ferromagnetic properties. Efficient catalytic activity (TOF: 0.163 s?1), 100% selectivity (to 4-aminophenol) and excellent reusability (with easy separation) have been delivered. The achieved microspheres outperform a number of nanomaterials such as supported noble metal particles, composites, monoliths and sheets. We have confirmed by DFT calculations that the activation of 4-nitrophenol via its weak non-covalent interaction with the sp2 carbon domain of Si–C–Fe hybrid microspheres contributed to the superior performance which can be extended to a range of nitrobenzenes.

Graphical abstract: Constructing magnetic Si–C–Fe hybrid microspheres for room temperature nitroarenes reduction
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