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Macromolecules with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) attributes are a class of luminescent materials that display enhanced emission when they are aggregated. They have attracted much attention because of their good solubility, processability, high emission efficiency in the aggregated states, etc. A large variety of AIE macromolecules have been developed, showing exponential growth of research interest in this field. This review summarizes the design principles and recent synthetic advancements, topological structures, as well as the frontiers of functionalities and potential applications of AIE macromolecules, especially fluorescence sensing, biological applications and optoelectronic applications, with an emphasis on the recent progress. New luminogenic systems without conventional chromophores displaying aggregated state emission are discussed. The highly dense clusters of heteroatoms with lone pair electrons in these systems may serve as the chromophore and are cited as “heterodox clusters”. It is expected that the mechanistic insights into the AIE phenomena, based on the restriction of intramolecular motions and structure rigidification, can guide the future design of AIE materials with fascinating structures and functionalities.

Multiscale modeling has become a popular tool for research applying to different areas including materials science, microelectronics, biology, chemistry, etc. In this tutorial review , we describe a newly developed multiscale computational method, incorporating quantum mechanics into electronic device modeling with the electromagnetic environment included through classical electrodynamics. In the quantum mechanics/electromagnetics (QM/EM) method, the regions of the system where active electron scattering processes take place are treated quantum mechanically, while the surroundings are described by Maxwell's equations and a semiclassical drift-diffusion model. The QM model and the EM model are solved, respectively, in different regions of the system in a self-consistent manner. Potential distributions and current densities at the interface between QM and EM regions are employed as the boundary conditions for the quantum mechanical and electromagnetic simulations, respectively. The method is illustrated in the simulation of several realistic systems. In the case of junctionless field-effect transistors, transfer characteristics are obtained and a good agreement between experiments and simulations is achieved. Optical properties of a tandem photovoltaic cell are studied and the simulations demonstrate that multiple QM regions are coupled through the classical EM model. Finally, the study of a carbon nanotube-based molecular device shows the accuracy and efficiency of the QM/EM method.

This tutorial review focuses on the recent development of rhodamine derivatives, in which the spirolactam (non-fluorescent) to ring-opened amide (fluorescent) process was utilized.

Supramolecular analytical chemistry has emerged as a new discipline at the interface of supramolecular and analytical chemistry. It focuses on analytical applications of molecular recognition and self-assembly . One of the important outcomes of the supramolecular analytical chemistry is the understanding of molecular aspects of sensor design, synthesis and binding studies of sensors while using rigorous methods of analytical chemistry as a touchstone to verify the viability of the supramolecular aspects of the sensor design. This critical review provides a simplified version of the chemometric procedures involved in realizing a successful analytical experiment that utilizes cross-reactive optical sensor arrays, and summarizes the current research in this field. This review also shows several examples of use of described chemometric methods for evaluation of chemosensors and sensor arrays. Thus, this review is aimed mostly at the readers who want to test their newly-developed chemosensors in cross-reactive arrays (169 references).

Catalytic, stereoselective N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed reactions facilitate efficient construction of many different heterocyclic compounds, such as the enantioenriched 5-membered (γ) lactones highlighted in this tutorial review. Herein, various strategies to enable formal [3+2] type annulations between electrophilic carbonyl equivalents and homoenolate nucleophiles for the synthesis of γ-lactones are summarized.

The piezoelectric effect, mechanical-to-electrical and electrical-to-mechanical energy conversion, is highly beneficial for functional and responsive electronic devices. To fully exploit this property, miniaturization of piezoelectric materials is the subject of intense research. Indeed, select atomically thin 2D materials strongly exhibit the piezoelectric effect. The family of 2D crystals consists of over 7000 chemically distinct members that can be further manipulated in terms of strain, functionalization, elemental substitution ( i.e. Janus 2D crystals), and defect engineering to induce a piezoelectric response. Additionally, most 2D crystals can stack with other similar or dissimilar 2D crystals to form a much greater number of complex 2D heterostructures whose properties are quite different to those of the individual constituents. The unprecedented flexibility in tailoring 2D crystal properties, coupled with their minimal thickness, make these emerging highly attractive for advanced piezoelectric applications that include pressure sensing, piezocatalysis, piezotronics, and energy harvesting. This review summarizes literature on piezoelectricity, particularly out-of-plane piezoelectricity, in the vast family of 2D materials as well as their heterostructures. It also describes methods to induce, enhance, and control the piezoelectric properties. The volume of data and role of machine learning in predicting piezoelectricity is discussed in detail, and a prospective outlook on the 2D piezoelectric field is provided.

Nanotechnology has motivated a tremendous effort in the synthesis approaches to grow free standing or hierarchical nanomaterials such as nanowires and nanorods. Bottom-up approaches based on chemistry are an important approach to produce nanomaterials, and here the concepts of growing oxide 1D nanostructures from chemical solutions are reviewed. The thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of the nucleation and growth of oxide compounds in solutions are presented with emphasis on hydrothermal and molten salt synthesis. The importance of solubility of precursors, the precursor chemistry, role of organic additives as well as the chemical complexity and dimensionality and symmetry of the crystal structure of the compound grown are highlighted.

Since its conception during the 80s, 3D-printing, also known as additive manufacturing, has been receiving unprecedented levels of attention and interest from industry and research laboratories. This is in addition to end users, who have benefited from the pervasiveness of desktop-size and relatively cheap printing machines available. 3D-printing enables almost infinite possibilities for rapid prototyping. Therefore, it has been considered for applications in numerous research fields, ranging from mechanical engineering, medicine, and materials science to chemistry. Electrochemistry is another branch of science that can certainly benefit from 3D-printing technologies, paving the way for the design and fabrication of cheaper, higher performing, and ubiquitously available electrochemical devices. Here, we aim to provide a general overview of the most commonly available 3D-printing methods along with a review of recent electrochemistry related studies adopting 3D-printing as a possible rapid prototyping fabrication tool.

This tutorial review is intended to provide the reader with a timely review of major developments and the current state-of-the-art of palladium -catalyzed cross-coupling reactions with Grignard reagents . Organomagnesium reagents, the most reactive and most easily accessible nucleophiles for carbon–carbon bond forming cross-coupling reactions, were the first nucleophiles ever employed in cross-coupling reactions, but have only recently been re-discovered for highly efficient and (stereo)selective coupling reactions. This is mostly a consequence of improved catalyst systems with bulky phosphine, phosphonate or carbene ligands and new metal– halogen exchange procedures for the generation of functionalized Grignard reagents .

1,3- N , O -Chelating ligands are ubiquitous in nature owing to their occurrence as α-chiral amino acids in metalloproteins. These structural units also display diverse coordination modes, which lend themselves to applications in catalysis as well as novel fundamental stoichiometric reactivity, including the activation of inert bonds. This review comments on recent developments in N , O -ligated late transition metal complexes with an emphasis on preparation, characterization, and reactivity.