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The photoaquation of the Os IV Cl 6 2? complex was studied by means of stationary photolysis, nanosecond laser flash photolysis and ultrafast kinetic spectroscopy. The Os IV Cl 5 (OH) 2? complex was found to be the only reaction product. The quantum yield of photoaquation is rather low and wavelength-dependent. No impact of redox processes on photoaquation was revealed. The total characteristic lifetime of the process is about 80 ps. Three intermediates were recorded in the femto- and picosecond time domains and assigned to different Os( IV ) species. The nature of intermediates and possible mechanisms of photoaquation are discussed.

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We have fabricated and tested a photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell where the aqueous electrolyte has been replaced by a proton conducting hydrated Nafion? polymer membrane. The membrane was sandwiched between a TiO 2 -based photoanode and a Pt/C-based cathode. The performance was tested with two types of photoanode electrodes, a thermally prepared TiO 2 film on Ti foil (T-TiO 2 ) and a nanostructured TiO 2 films in the form of highly ordered nanotubes (TNT) of different lengths. Firstly, photovoltammetry experiments were conducted under asymmetric conditions, where the anode was immersed in deionized water, while the cathode was kept in ambient air. The results showed a high incident photon-to-current efficiency (IPCE) of 19% under unassisted conditions (short-circuit, 0 V vs . cathode) with short TNT ( ca . 1 μm) under 4 mW cm ?2 illumination with UV-A rich light. Secondly, the deionized water was replaced by 0.5 M Na 2 SO 4 and now the performance was higher with longer nanotubes, assigned to increased ionic conductivity inside the tubes. An unassisted (0 V) IPCE of 33% was achieved with nanotubes of ca . 8 μm. The presented solid-state PEC cell minimizes the electrode distance and volume of the device, and provides a way towards compact practical applications in solar water splitting.

This study aimed at investigating the photocatalytic degradation of humic acid (HA) as a representative of natural organic matter (NOM) by using Ce-doped ZnO as a novel material. Following photocatalysis, HA degradation was characterized by specified UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopic parameters as well as by the dissolved organic carbon (NPOC) content. Excitation–Emission Matrix (EEM) fluorescence features were also evaluated by using advanced techniques. Comparison of Ce-doped ZnO photocatalysis to TiO 2 P-25 photocatalytic treatment of the HA samples was elucidated under similar experimental conditions. Kinetic modeling of the photocatalytic removal of HA expressed promising results indicating that Ce-doped ZnO could serve as an efficient catalyst for the degradation of NOM.

In this work, modification of TiO 2 was carried out by incorporation of two novel Ru( II ) polyaza complexes. The N 1 -(2-aminobenzyliden)- N 2 , N 2 -bis(2-(2-aminobenzyliden)aminoethyl)ethane-1,2-diaminoruthenium( II ) and N 1 , N 2 -bis(2-aminobenziliden)ethane-1,2-diaminoruthenium( II ) complexes were synthesized via metal–ligand direct reaction. The complexes were characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR and fluorescence spectroscopy, and the chemical composition was obtained from elemental analysis by the combustion method; additionally, the sensitized TiO 2 catalysts were also characterized by XRD, SEM and diffuse reflectance techniques. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared catalysts was tested in a batch reactor under visible radiation for the degradation of ibuprofen in aqueous solution. The evolution of the drug degradation process was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), while the mineralization percentage was monitored by the determination of total organic carbon (TOC). The results indicated that the incorporation of these complexes improves the activation of TiO 2 under visible light, increasing the degradation and mineralization percentage of ibuprofen up to 35% compared to the unmodified material, thereby making it suitable for application in heterogeneous photocatalysis of the said pharmaceutical in aqueous media using visible light as the energy source.

It was shown that Ag(or Ag 2 O)–ZrO 2 –Y 2 O 3 formation occurs due to the complex process of decomposition and structure transformation of oxide materials and Ag-complexes. Differences in the decomposition temperatures of Ag-complexes, in particular, and their melting temperatures, and the transformation of ZrO 2 –Y 2 O 3 NPs morphology leads to the creation of composite structure of two types: an Ag–NPs/zirconia matrix and zirconia core/Ag-shell. It was shown that for these composites the temperature is an effective approach for controlling the NPs sizes for both components (Ag clusters and zirconia NPs), the defectiveness of the complex oxide and their optical properties, in particular the photosensitive to visible irradiation range.

Photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceuticals (hydrocortisone, estradiol, and verapamil) and personal care product additives (parabens-methyl, ethyl, and propyl derivatives) was investigated in the homogeneous phase (with ferric ions as the catalyst) and on TiO 2 . Ferric ions in concentrations corresponding to concentrations in natural water bodies were shown to be a significant accelerator of the degradation in homogeneous reaction mixtures. In heterogeneous photocatalytic reactions on TiO 2 , lower reaction rates, but mineralisation to higher extents, were observed.

Utilization of UV LED light is trending in the development of photoreactors for pollutant treatment. In this study, two different geometries were studied in the degradation of methylenebBlue (MB) using high power UVA LED as a source of light. The dosage, initial concentration, electric power, and H 2 O 2 addition were evaluated in the two geometries: a mini CPC (Cilindrical Parabolic Collector) and a vertical cylindrical with external irradiation both coupled with LED UVA. Best degradation was obtained for 0.3 g L ?1 TiO 2 , 40 min, and 15 ppm of MB of initial concentration in the standard batch reactor. It was found that the best system was a cpc geometry. Also, hydrogen peroxide was used as an electron acceptor and 97% degradation was obtained in 30 min with 10 mM H 2 O 2 and 0.4 g TiO 2 /L. Power of the LEDs was also evaluated and it was found that 20 W m ?2 is the best operational condition to achieve the best MB degradation avoiding the oxidant species recombination.