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The demand for low cost, flexible energy storage devices with enhanced energy/power density has increased with the rapid development of portable, flexible electronics. Herein, we report on an all-solid-state flexible, high energy density asymmetric supercapacitor (SC) based on a polyaniline (PANI) hydrogel made using a two-component mixing strategy. PANI hydrogel consists of polymeric networks with high levels of hydration and three-dimensional (3D) microstructures, which lead to faster electron and mass transport and offer a large accessible surface area. The 3D design is mechanically robust and flexible with large internal surfaces designed to pull water via capillary action. The design features ensure a strong interaction between the electrode and electrolyte solution for effective charge storage reactions, while at the same time giving the electrode sufficient mechanical flexibility to work under a bent condition. The PANI hydrogel electrode exhibits an excellent electrochemical performance with a specific capacitance of 862 F g ?1 at 1 A g ?1 . Utilizing this nanocomposite as the positive electrode in a PANI//AC asymmetric configuration results in devices with a remarkable performance including good capacitance (261 F g ?1 at 1 A g ?1 ), great rate capability (64% capacitance retention), excellent cycle life (18% loss after 5000 cycles), a maximum energy density of 92.7 W h kg ?1 , and a high power density of 16 kW kg ?1 . Furthermore, the areal capacitance, areal energy density, volumetric capacitance, and volumetric energy density of the fabricated supercapacitor are 522 mF cm ?2 , 0.185 mW h cm ?2 , 17.4 F cm ?3 , and 6.16 mW h cm ?3 , respectively. Even under continuous bending and unbending, the device still provides a stable electrochemical performance without noticeable changes. We also demonstrate the promise of these SCs for various applications as we light up a green LED. This excellent performance holds great promise for next-generation flexible electronics.

In the present study, an amide-based chemosensor L is reported for the selective determination of tri-positive Al 3+ and Fe 3+ metal ions via the fluorescence (FL) “turn-on” state. L can be further used as an Al 3+ ion sensor in live cells with a significant emission at 430 nm. The receptor showed high binding affinities of 1.045 × 10 5 and 6.234 × 10 5 M ?1 for Al 3+ and Fe 3+ , respectively. Furthermore, the chemosensor L also specifically senses tryptophan (Trp) upon the introduction of various amino acids. ESI-MS data and spectroscopic studies indicate a probable intermediate formation through the Pictet–Spengler reaction between amide L and Trp . Trp can be also recognized as a FL quencher in the presence of L + Al 3+ in an aqueous solution. A PET-based mechanism is proposed for the FL enhancement upon complexation, which is further supported by DFT calculations. Tryptophan, which is the main counterpart of BSA , can be introduced as a real sample to verify the selective PL quenching response. The receptor provides an LOD response of 2.43 × 10 ?7 M for the Trp amino acid, suggesting the practical application of tryptophan detection in an aqueous medium for any biological sample.

Novel imidazo[1,5- b ]pyridazine -substituted (pyridyl-methyl)amines were synthesized via the nucleophilic ring transformation of oxadiazolium halides and (aminomethyl)pyridines, followed by a cyclocondensation reaction with 1,3-diketones. After deprotonation, these monoanionic amido -pincer ligands are suitable for the stabilization of mononuclear iridium complexes. For 2-(pyridyl-methyl)-amine-derived complexes, we observed the formation of dimers via an intermolecular C–C coupling reaction, whilst the 3-(pyridyl-methyl)amine-derived complex did not react. We propose that enamine tautomerization plays an important role in the C–C coupling reaction.

Choline carboxylates are an important class of bio-derived ionic liquids (ILs) having potential applications in the pharmaceutical sector. Therefore, detailed knowledge of the physicochemical properties of this class of ILs and their mixtures with biomolecules is highly desired with a focus on sustainability and environmental impact. In view of this, a series of surface-active ILs (SAILs) based on choline carboxylates, viz. choline laurate ([Chl][Lau]) and choline palmitate ([Chl][Pal]), were synthesized. Various techniques such as surface tension measurements, conductivity measurements, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and rheology were employed to get detailed information about their self-assembly and viscoelastic behaviours in aqueous medium. A set of surface and thermodynamic parameters of these SAILs in water was determined, which revealed the superior surface activity of [Chl][Pal] compared to [Chl][Lau]. Ab initio and natural bond orbital (NBO) calculations manifested larger binding and hydrogen-bonding energies of [Chl][Lau]–water compared to [Chl][Pal]–water. Consequently, it is more difficult for [Chl][Lau] to self-aggregate in water. The steady-state and oscillatory rheological measurements demonstrated notable differences in solution viscosities in these systems. The size of the micellar aggregates was significantly affected by the hydrophobicity of carboxylate anions and concentration of SAILs. Finally, the interactions of these SAILs with bovine serum albumin (BSA) were systematically investigated in aqueous medium. The quenching effect of these SAILs on tryptophan moieties of BSA along with the information on the secondary structural conformation was monitored through fluorescence and circular dichroism techniques to understand the binding strength and mechanism. Understanding the aggregation behaviour and molecular level interactions of choline carboxylate SAILs with BSA is required to explore their potential applications in biotechnology.

A family of push–pull fluorophores, consisting of a chalcone core decorated with electron-donating substituents and halogen atoms, was designed and synthesized. Luminescence studies were performed in solution, aggregate form and in the solid state. Although some compounds are only weakly fluorescent in solution, all are emissive in the solid state showing aggregation-induced emission enhancement. In the crystalline state, the halogen atoms are not involved in halogen bonds but their presence strongly influences the aggregation-induced emission properties of the fluorophores.

A silica-supported silver complex, Ag–NHC@SiO 2 , was prepared by an anchoring coordination technique, which was successfully employed for the click reaction under mild reaction conditions. The protocol offered the remarkable advantages of operational simplicity, water as a reaction medium, ultra-low loading of the metal and easy recovery of the supported catalyst.

As one widely used anode electrocatalyst for alcohol oxidation, Pt nanoparticles have been paid a lot of attention with the aim of improving their catalytic properties by tuning their sizes, morphologies, and components. One-dimensional (1D) Pt nanostructures possess sufficient active crystal lattices and interfacial electron transfer pathways, and usually show excellent catalytic properties. At present, there are still large challenges relating to the controllable synthesis of 1D Pt nanostructures and their effective loading on appropriate supports, which limit the practical catalytic performances of Pt nanoparticles. Herein, one-dimensional Pt nanothorns (NTs) of about 5.9 nm diameter are synthesized via a unique air/water interfacial process and are anchored densely in situ on the surface of supporting carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The resultant macroscopic freestanding CNTs/PtNTs hybrid film with sufficient active sites and a large electrochemical active surface area of 190.5 cm 2 mg ?1 exhibits efficient electrocatalytic ability for methanol oxidation. This interfacial fabrication strategy provides a simple and effective means to prepare a PtNT composite with high catalytic activity and stability, showing good potential for application in flexible alcohol fuel cells.

The affinity and the binding mode of two benzo[ g ]phthalazine compounds, functionalized with one or two 2-(imidazole-4-yl)-ethylamine groups, to DNA and RNA models have been evaluated by means of UV-Vis, fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies in combination with viscometry and molecular dynamics. Both organic molecules bind strongly to all nucleic acid models via the intercalation mode in the duplex structure, especially compound 1 . Intriguingly, 1 exhibits different emission responses depending on the base composition of duplex DNA/RNAs, which points out the possibility of using it as a base selective nucleic acid probe. Moreover, the acid–base behaviour of both compounds has been studied by pH-metric titrations and UV-Vis and emission fluorescence techniques to investigate the unexplored basicity of this type of compound. 1 behaves as a triprotic base whilst 2 is a diprotic base with the protonation of the benzo[ g ]phthalazine moiety occurring in the physiological pH range.

A metal-free convenient synthesis of 4,5-disubstituted N -unsubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles via a cycloaddition–denitration process has been described. A variety of readily available nitroallylic alcohols were reacted smoothly with sodium azide in the presence of p -toluenesulfonic acid ( p -TsOH) to form synthetically viable triazolylacetates in good to high yields. Additionally, the nitroallylic acetates and sulfones were converted into structurally-modifiable triazolylazides and sulfone derived triazoles, respectively, in moderate to good yields. The present protocol is operationally simple, tolerates a broad range of functional groups and is also reliable in the case of a gram scale reaction under optimised reaction conditions. A practically-straightforward gram scale reaction for the synthesis of triazole directly from β-nitrostyrene via a sequential one-pot Morita–Baylis–Hillman and cycloaddition reactions has been achieved.

High contact quality is an essential factor for the effective transmission and separation of photocarriers for promoting the photo-induced redox reaction. In this study, a high contact quality Z-scheme WO 3 /Bi 2 WO 6 (WB) has been synthesized via a non-equivalent ion-exchange in situ growth method. The combination of inherent dipole (ID) of Bi 2 WO 6 and external built-in electric field (EBIEF) between WO 3 and Bi 2 WO 6 results in higher photocurrent density of WB and enhances the photo-redox reaction, thus overcoming the shortcomings of WO 3 and Bi 2 WO 6 . The apparent rate constant of WB-3 is 130 and 7 times higher than that of WO 3 and Bi 2 WO 6 , respectively, which benefits from the advantage of grain boundary for photogenerated carrier transfer which has no interface edge. This work provides an efficient method for developing an advanced Z-scheme photocatalyst with excellent performance.