Very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) are a class of fatty acids characterized by their unusually long carbon chains, typically containing more than 20 carbons. These unique chemical properties make VLCFAs distinct from shorter chain fatty acids and essential in various biological processes. In human physiology, VLCFAs play crucial roles in the formation and maintenance of cellular membranes, particularly in the central nervous system. They also contribute to energy storage and are involved in lipid metabolism pathways. Deficiencies or imbalances in VLCFA levels can lead to severe metabolic disorders such as very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency, which affects lipid metabolism and can cause symptoms ranging from muscle pain to liver dysfunction. In industrial applications, VLCFAs are used in the production of cosmetics due to their moisturizing properties. They also find use in biotechnology for creating sustainable biofuels and in pharmaceuticals as precursors for drug development. The unique characteristics of VLCFAs make them valuable in both medical and commercial sectors, highlighting their importance across multiple industries.