Rotenoids are a class of naturally occurring diterpenoid alkaloids derived from the roots of plants belonging to the family Papilionaceae, commonly known as豆科植物。These compounds exhibit a wide range of biological activities, including insecticidal and antimicrobial properties。Structurally, rotenoids feature a bicyclic core with an additional side chain that varies among different members of this class。One of the most well-known representatives is derris toxin from *Lonchocarpus* species, which has been widely used in traditional medicine for its insecticidal effects。Despite their effectiveness, the use of rotenoids is regulated due to potential environmental and health concerns。Research continues into understanding the mechanisms behind their activities and exploring their applications in modern agriculture and pharmaceuticals。