N-Acylethanolamines (NAE) are a class of fatty acid amides that play important roles in various biological processes, including neurotransmission and inflammation. These molecules are synthesized from the reaction between arachidonic or other long-chain fatty acids and ethanolamine through the action of N-acyltransferase enzymes. In the central nervous system (CNS), NAEs modulate neural activity by interacting with several receptors, such as GPR55 and TRPV1. Research has shown that these compounds can influence pain perception, reward pathways, and neuroinflammation. Additionally, they have been implicated in cardiovascular regulation and are of interest for their potential therapeutic applications in treating various conditions including chronic pain and inflammatory disorders. Due to their diverse biological activities, NAEs represent a promising area of study in both basic research and drug development.