2′-Hydroxychalcones are a class of naturally occurring flavonoids that play significant roles in plant secondary metabolism and serve as precursors to other bioactive compounds. These compounds exhibit a wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Structurally, 2′-hydroxychalcones consist of a 1,3-diketone moiety connected through an α,β-double bond with a phenolic hydroxyl group at the 2′ position of the benzene ring. Due to their structural complexity and diverse bioactivities, these compounds are extensively studied for potential applications in food science, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Their antioxidant properties can help protect against oxidative stress and prevent cell damage, while anti-inflammatory activities may contribute to reducing inflammation-related diseases. In addition, 2′-hydroxychalcones have shown promise in antimicrobial research, potentially contributing to the development of new therapeutic agents against drug-resistant bacteria.