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• Solvents and Organic Chemicals Organic Compounds Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues Purine nucleotides Purine ribonucleoside triphosphates
• Solvents and Organic Chemicals Organic Compounds Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues Purine nucleotides Purine ribonucleotides Purine ribonucleoside triphosphates

Guanosine 5'-(Tetrahydrogen Triphosphate) (CAS No. 86-01-1): A Crucial Nucleotide in Biological Signaling and Drug Development

Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate), commonly abbreviated as GTP and identified by CAS No. 86-01-1, is a central nucleotide involved in numerous biological processes. Structurally, it consists of guanosine linked to three phosphate groups via a 5'-triphosphate bond, conferring its critical role in energy transfer and signaling pathways. Recent advancements in structural biology have elucidated its dynamic interactions with proteins, particularly G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which are pivotal targets for drug discovery.

In cellular metabolism, GTP serves as an energy carrier analogous to ATP but with specialized functions. Its hydrolysis to GDP (guanosine diphosphate) releases energy required for processes like protein synthesis and signal transduction. Emerging studies highlight its role in mitochondrial dynamics: a 2023 Nature Communications paper demonstrated that mitochondrial GTP levels regulate fusion-fission events, impacting cellular bioenergetics under stress conditions such as hypoxia or neurodegenerative disorders.

CAS No. 86-01-1 compounds are increasingly investigated for therapeutic applications due to their involvement in oncogenic pathways. KRAS mutations, prevalent in cancers like pancreatic adenocarcinoma, rely on aberrant GTP binding for sustained activation. Researchers at the University of California recently developed small molecules that selectively inhibit mutant KRAS-GTP interactions, achieving tumor regression in preclinical models without affecting wild-type proteins—a breakthrough published in Cancer Cell early this year.

In neuroscience, guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate) modulates synaptic plasticity through metabotropic glutamate receptors. A landmark study from MIT (2023) revealed that extracellular GTP signaling enhances long-term potentiation in hippocampal neurons, suggesting potential for treating cognitive deficits in Alzheimer’s disease. This mechanism differs from traditional cholinesterase inhibitors by targeting RNA editing pathways mediated by ADAR enzymes.

Synthetic methodologies for purifying CAS No. 86-01-1 compounds have advanced significantly with the advent of chemoenzymatic approaches. Enzymatic phosphorylation using T4 polynucleotide kinase now achieves >98% purity levels at lab scale—a critical improvement over older HPLC purification methods prone to degrading labile nucleotides. These techniques enable consistent production of radiolabeled GTP analogs used in PET imaging studies tracking cancer metabolism.

In virology research, the role of host-derived GTP in viral replication has gained attention post-pandemic studies. SARS-CoV-2’s RNA-dependent RNA polymerase hijacks cellular GTP pools during replication, creating opportunities for antiviral strategies targeting nucleotide availability without systemic toxicity. A phase II clinical trial currently underway evaluates a prodrug activated specifically within infected cells to deplete local GTP concentrations—a novel approach minimizing off-target effects.

Bioinformatics analyses of genomic data further underscore CAS No. 86-01-1-related pathways’ clinical relevance. Machine learning models trained on TCGA datasets identified dysregulated GTP metabolic genes as independent prognostic markers for glioblastoma multiforme survival rates. These findings are driving development of multiparameter biomarker panels combining imaging and metabolomics data for personalized cancer therapy planning.

The synthesis of stable N⁷-modified analogs represents another frontier in drug development using this compound class. Researchers at ETH Zurich recently synthesized fluorescently labeled GTP derivatives that track real-time binding kinetics with motor proteins like kinesin without perturbing cellular function—a technique now employed to screen libraries of kinase inhibitors targeting metastatic melanoma progression.

In regenerative medicine applications, exogenous administration of stabilized Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate) has shown neuroprotective effects post-stroke injury models according to a recent JCI Insight study (Jan ’24). The mechanism involves activating adenosine A_2A receptors while bypassing enzymatic degradation pathways—a strategy being optimized using nanoparticle delivery systems to achieve sustained therapeutic concentrations.

Ongoing CRISPR-based screens continue uncovering novel protein partners interacting with this vital molecule across species datasets from the Human Cell Atlas project. These discoveries are expanding our understanding beyond classical roles into unexpected areas such as immune checkpoint regulation via STING pathway activation observed during autoimmune disease pathogenesis studies published this quarter.

• 56001-37-7([[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxy-phosphoryl] phosphono hydrogen phosphate;sodium salt)
• 113903-19-8(Chromate(1-),tetraaqua[guanosine 5'-(triphosphato)(4-)-OP',OP'']-, hydrogen, (OC-6-33)-(9CI))
• 24905-71-3(Guanosine 5'-(Tetrahydrogen triphosphate) Sodium Salt (>80%))
• 14356-96-8(Guanosine-5'-triphosphate tetrasodium salt)
• 102783-42-6(Guanosine5'-(hexahydrogen pentaphosphate), P''''®5'-ester with guanosine, pentasodium salt (9CI))
• 102783-33-5(Guanosine5'-(pentahydrogen tetraphosphate), P'''®5'-ester with guanosine, tetraammonium salt (9CI))
• 285978-17-8(Tetrasodium;[[[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-(15N)azanyl-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxy(2,3,4,5-13C4)oxolan-2-yl](113C)methoxy-oxidophosphoryl]oxy-oxidophosphoryl] phosphate)
• 36051-31-7(5'-GTP trisodium salt (Synonyms: Guanosine 5'-triphosphate trisodium salt))
• 28141-84-6(magnesium GTP)
• 102783-44-8(Guanosine5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate), P''®5'-ester with guanosine, triammonium salt (9CI))