• 1. Excitation energies from ground-state density-functionals by means of generator coordinates
  A. B. F. da Silva,K. Capelle Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2009,11, 4564-4569
• 2. Evolution of cellulose into flexible conductive green electronics: a smart strategy to fabricate sustainable electrodes for supercapacitors
  Tengfei Yu,Yuehan Wu,Wei Li,Bin Li RSC Adv., 2014,4, 34134-34143
• 3. Emerging 2D hybrid nanomaterials: towards enhanced sensitive and selective conductometric gas sensors at room temperature
  Hanie Hashtroudi,Ian D. R. Mackinnon J. Mater. Chem. C, 2020,8, 13108-13126
• 4. Embedding cyclic nitrone in mesoporous silica particles for EPR spin trapping of superoxide and other radicals?
  Eric Besson,Stéphane Gastaldi,Emily Bloch,Selma Aslan,Hakim Karoui,Olivier Ouari,Micael Hardy Analyst, 2019,144, 4194-4203
• 5. Fast synthesis of red Li3BaSrLn3(WO4)8:Eu3+ phosphors for white LEDs under near-UV excitation by a microwave-assisted solid state reaction method and photoluminescence studies
  Bo Wei,Zhenyu Liu,Chen Xie,Shu Yang,Wentao Tang,Aiwei Gu,Wing-Tak Wong,Ka-Leung Wong J. Mater. Chem. C, 2015,3, 12322-12327

L-Valine-2-d1: A Comprehensive Overview

L-Valine-2-d1, also known by its CAS number 77257-03-5, is a deuterated derivative of L-valine, an essential amino acid. This compound has gained significant attention in recent years due to its unique properties and applications in various fields, including metabolic research, drug development, and stable isotope labeling. In this article, we will delve into the structure, synthesis, applications, and the latest research findings related to L-Valine-2-d1.

Structure and Properties

L-Valine is a branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) with a chiral center at the second carbon atom. The deuterated version, L-Valine-2-d1, replaces one of the hydrogens on this carbon with a deuterium atom. This substitution introduces unique physical and chemical properties, making it an invaluable tool in isotopic studies. The molecular formula of L-Valine-2-d1 is C5H10DNO2, and its molecular weight is slightly higher than that of regular L-valine due to the presence of deuterium.

Synthesis and Production

The synthesis of L-Valine-2-d1 involves advanced chemical processes that ensure high purity and isotopic enrichment. One common method involves the catalytic hydrogenation of α-keto acid derivatives using deuterated hydrogen (D2O). Recent advancements in catalytic systems have improved the yield and specificity of this process, making large-scale production more feasible. Researchers have also explored biotechnological approaches, such as metabolic engineering of microorganisms to produce deuterated amino acids directly.

Applications in Metabolomics and Stable Isotope Labeling

L-Valine-2-d1 has become a cornerstone in metabolomics studies due to its ability to serve as an internal standard for mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. Its deuterium labeling allows for precise quantification of valine levels in biological samples without interference from endogenous compounds. This has been particularly useful in studying metabolic pathways associated with diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders.

In addition to metabolomics, L-Valine-2-d1 is employed in stable isotope labeling experiments to track amino acid metabolism in vivo. For instance, researchers have used this compound to study protein synthesis rates in muscle tissue during exercise or under nutritional interventions. The use of deuterated valine provides a non-invasive method to monitor dynamic changes in amino acid turnover.

Role in Drug Development and Pharmacology

The pharmaceutical industry has leveraged L-Valine-2-d1 as a building block for synthesizing complex molecules with improved pharmacokinetic profiles. For example, deuterated analogs of bioactive compounds often exhibit enhanced stability and reduced toxicity compared to their non-deuterated counterparts. Recent studies have explored the potential of L-valine-derived deuterated compounds as inhibitors of key enzymes involved in cancer progression.

Furthermore, L-valine's role as a precursor to acetyl-CoA has been exploited in drug design strategies targeting metabolic enzymes. By incorporating deuterium into valine's structure, researchers can study the effects of isotopic substitution on enzyme kinetics and substrate binding affinity.

Latest Research Findings

Recent studies have shed light on the therapeutic potential of L-valine derivatives in treating metabolic disorders. For instance, a 2023 study published in *Nature Metabolism* demonstrated that dietary supplementation with L-valine could ameliorate symptoms of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by modulating mitochondrial function. While this research focused on regular valine, the insights gained could pave the way for exploring similar effects using deuterated analogs.

In another groundbreaking study published in *Science Translational Medicine*, researchers utilized L-valine-2-d1 to map out the fluxes of amino acid metabolism in human subjects under varying nutritional states. This work highlighted the importance of valine metabolism in maintaining nitrogen balance during prolonged fasting or high-intensity exercise.

Conclusion

L-valine remains one of the most studied amino acids due to its critical role in human metabolism and health. The development of its deuterated derivative, L-valine-2-d1, has opened new avenues for research across multiple disciplines. From metabolomics to drug discovery, this compound continues to be a valuable tool for scientists seeking to unravel the complexities of biological systems.

• 2098070-20-1(2-(3-(Pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetimidamide)
• 2680771-01-9(4-cyclopentyl-3-{(prop-2-en-1-yloxy)carbonylamino}butanoic acid)
• 1444113-98-7(N-(3-cyanothiolan-3-yl)-2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfanyl]pyridine-4-carboxamide)
• 332062-08-5(Fmoc-S-3-amino-4,4-diphenyl-butyric acid)
• 1270529-38-8(1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexahydro-[2,3]bipyridinyl-6-ol)
• 941977-17-9(N'-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-N-2-(dimethylamino)-2-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethylethanediamide)
• 2138166-62-6(2,2-Difluoro-3-[methyl(2-methylbutyl)amino]propanoic acid)
• 89640-58-4(2-Iodo-4-nitrophenylhydrazine)
• 1449132-38-0(3-Fluoro-5-(2-fluoro-5-methylbenzylcarbamoyl)benzeneboronic acid)
• 2034271-14-0(2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-N-{[6-(thiophen-2-yl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-3-yl]methyl}acetamide)