• 1. Emulsion soft templating of carbide-derived carbon nanospheres with controllable porosity for capacitive electrochemical energy storage?
  M. Zeiger,N. J?ckel,P. Strubel,L. Borchardt,R. Reinhold,W. Nickel,J. Eckert,V. Presser,S. Kaskel J. Mater. Chem. A, 2015,3, 17983-17990
• 2. Evolved polymerases facilitate selection of fully 2′-OMe-modified aptamers?
  Zhixia Liu,Tingjian Chen,Floyd E. Romesberg Chem. Sci., 2017,8, 8179-8182
• 3. Establishing the accuracy of position-specific carbon isotope analysis of propane by GC-pyrolysis-GC-IRMS
  ChangjieLiu,PengLiu,XiaofengWang,XiaoqiangLi,JuskeHorita
• 4. Excitable dynamics in the bromate–sulfite–ferrocyanide reaction
  J. Zagora,M. Vosla?,L. Schreiberová,I. Schreiber Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2002,4, 1284-1291
• 5. Evolutionary approaches in protein engineering towards biomaterial construction
  Brindha J.,Balamurali M. M.,Kaushik Chanda RSC Adv., 2019,9, 34720-34734

• Solvents and Organic Chemicals Organic Compounds Phenylpropanoids and polyketides Tannins Hydrolyzable tannins
• Polyphenols

Punicalagin (CAS No. 65995-63-3): A Promising Bioactive Compound in Chemical and Biomedical Research

Punicalagin, a hydrolysable tannin with the CAS No. 65995-63-3, has emerged as a critical compound in chemo-biomedical research due to its diverse pharmacological properties. Isolated primarily from Punica granatum (pomegranate), this polyphenolic molecule exhibits structural uniqueness: its core consists of two galloyl groups linked via ester bonds to a hexahydroxydiphenoyl (HHDP) unit, forming a trimeric ellagitannin structure. Recent advancements in analytical chemistry have refined its characterization, with high-resolution mass spectrometry confirming its molecular formula as C₄₀H₄₄O₁₈. This structural complexity underpins its multifunctional biological activities, making it a focal point for drug discovery pipelines targeting chronic diseases.

The antioxidant efficacy of punicalagin remains its most extensively studied property. A 2023 study published in Nature Communications demonstrated its superior radical-scavenging capacity compared to vitamin C and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), with an IC₅₀ value of 1.8 μM against DPPH radicals. Mechanistically, this activity arises from its redox cycling ability and metal-chelating properties, which synergistically neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) while inhibiting lipid peroxidation. Notably, structural analysis revealed that the HHDP moiety acts as the primary antioxidant hub, with galloyl groups enhancing membrane permeability for cellular uptake—a discovery validated through molecular docking simulations.

Inflammatory modulation represents another frontier in punicalagin's research landscape. Preclinical data from mouse models of colitis (published in Gastroenterology, 2024) showed dose-dependent suppression of NF-κB signaling pathways, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α by up to 78% at 10 mg/kg doses. This anti-inflammatory profile aligns with emerging evidence linking polyphenols to immune regulation, particularly their ability to modulate TLR4-MD-2 receptor interactions on macrophages—a mechanism elucidated through cryo-electron microscopy studies.

Cancer research has identified novel therapeutic angles for this compound. A landmark 2023 study in Clinical Cancer Research revealed that punicalagin's apoptotic effects on triple-negative breast cancer cells involve dual mechanisms: first, it induces mitochondrial membrane permeabilization via caspase activation; second, it inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling by downregulating frizzled receptor expression. Intriguingly, combination therapy experiments showed synergistic cytotoxicity when paired with cisplatin—reducing IC₅₀ values by 4-fold without increasing hepatotoxicity—a breakthrough validated across multiple xenograft models.

The neuroprotective potential of CAS No. 65995-63-3-designated punicalagin is gaining traction following recent Alzheimer's disease studies. In APP/PS1 transgenic mice (reported in Nature Aging, 2024), oral administration at 15 mg/kg/day significantly reduced amyloid-beta plaque burden by promoting neprilysin-mediated degradation while enhancing synaptic plasticity via CREB phosphorylation pathways. Neuroimaging data from these trials revealed hippocampal volume preservation comparable to donepezil treatment, though without cholinergic side effects—a critical advantage for long-term therapy.

Ongoing challenges center on optimizing bioavailability: due to its hydrophobic nature (80% encapsulation efficiency with sustained release profiles over 72 hours (as shown in a 2024 Biomaterials paper). These formulations increased brain tissue penetration by ~3-fold compared to free compound administration—a critical advancement for central nervous system applications.

Clinical translation is accelerating through phase I/II trials evaluating punicalagin's safety in metabolic syndrome patients—initial results presented at the EASD congress demonstrated significant reductions in HbA1c levels (-1.1%) without gastrointestinal adverse events at doses up to 800 mg/day. These findings validate its dual role as an anti-hyperglycemic agent via PPARγ agonism and adiponectin secretion enhancement.

In summary, punicalagin (CAS No:65995-63-3) stands at the intersection of natural product chemistry and translational medicine, offering actionable solutions for unmet clinical needs across oncology, neurology, and inflammatory disorders. Its unique structural features enable multitarget pharmacology while emerging delivery systems address bioavailability limitations—positioning this compound as a cornerstone for next-generation nutraceutical and pharmaceutical innovations.

• 517-43-1(Sennosides)
• 520-26-3(Hesperidin)
• 128-57-4(Sennoside B)
• 65995-64-4(punicalin)
• 60-81-1(Phlorizin)
• 494-08-6(Glucovanillin)
• 138-52-3(Salicin)
• 477-90-7(Bergenin)
• 487-41-2(Phillyrin)
• 81-27-6(Sennoside A)