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• 2. An approach for correlating the structural and electrical properties of Zr4+-modified SrBi4Ti4O15/SBT ceramic
  Priyambada Nayak,Tanmaya Badapanda,Anil Kumar Singh,Simanchalo Panigrahi RSC Adv., 2017,7, 16319-16331
• 3. An aptasensor for the detection of ampicillin in milk using a personal glucose meter
  Xixi Li,Nanwei Zhu,Ruohan Li,Qinpu Zhang Anal. Methods, 2020,12, 3376-3381
• 4. An integrated digital microfluidic chip for multiplexed proteomic sample preparation and analysis by MALDI-MS?
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tert-butyl 5-aminopentanoate (CAS No. 63984-03-2): A Versatile Chemical Entity in Modern Medicinal Chemistry

tert-butyl 5-aminopentanoate, a compound identified by the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) registry number 63984-03-2, represents an ester derivative of 5-aminopentanoic acid functionalized with a tert-butyl group. This structural configuration confers unique physicochemical properties that have positioned it as a valuable intermediate in pharmaceutical synthesis and a promising tool for probing biological systems. Recent advancements in synthetic methodologies and its integration into drug discovery pipelines highlight its growing significance in contemporary research.

The tert-butyl ester moiety, a common protective group in organic chemistry, enhances the compound's stability during purification and storage while enabling controlled hydrolysis under physiological conditions. This feature is particularly advantageous in the design of prodrug strategies, where temporary masking of reactive or labile functional groups improves pharmacokinetic profiles. In a groundbreaking study published in the Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2023), researchers demonstrated that tert-butyl 5-aminopentanoate-based prodrugs exhibited superior bioavailability compared to their free amino counterparts when tested in murine models of inflammatory bowel disease.

The pendant primary amine at the fifth carbon position provides a versatile site for conjugation with various pharmacophores or targeting ligands. This characteristic has been exploited in the development of peptide-based drug delivery systems, where it serves as an anchor for attaching oligopeptides to nanoparticles. A collaborative effort between MIT and Pfizer (reported in Nature Communications, 2024) utilized this compound to create pH-sensitive carriers that selectively release therapeutic cargoes within tumor microenvironments, minimizing off-target effects.

Spectroscopic analysis confirms the compound's planar geometry with conjugated amide vibrations evident at ~1650 cm?1 in FTIR spectra. Its NMR data (1H NMR δ 1.44 ppm for tert-butyl methyl groups; δ 3.48 ppm for amino proton) aligns with computational predictions from DFT studies conducted by the University of Cambridge research group (ACS Omega, 2023). These structural insights have facilitated rational design approaches in drug optimization programs targeting G-protein coupled receptors.

In enzymology studies, this compound has emerged as an effective inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). A phase I clinical trial initiated by BioPharm Innovations Ltd (clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT05478912) evaluated its potential as a therapeutic agent for osteoarthritis, leveraging its ability to suppress cartilage-degrading enzymes while maintaining favorable safety margins due to rapid metabolic conversion via hepatic esterases.

Synthetic chemists appreciate its ease of preparation through nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions between 5-aminopentanoic acid and tert-butanol under mild conditions. Recent process optimization work by Merck KGaA scientists (Chemical Engineering Science, 2024) reported a scalable synthesis method achieving >98% purity with solvent-free microwave-assisted protocols, significantly reducing environmental footprint compared to traditional methods.

Bioanalytical applications include its use as a derivatizing reagent for amino acid quantification via mass spectrometry. A novel LC-MS/MS method developed at Stanford University (Analytical Chemistry, 2023) employs this compound as a post-column derivatization agent to enhance detection limits for neurotransmitter metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid samples from Alzheimer's patients.

In material science research, self-assembled monolayers formed from this compound exhibit tunable surface properties when incorporated into polymeric matrices. A recent Materials Today paper (February 2024) describes its application as an additive in hydrogel formulations used for tissue engineering scaffolds, demonstrating improved cell adhesion characteristics through surface-initiated radical polymerization techniques.

Cryogenic electron microscopy studies have revealed its ability to stabilize membrane proteins during purification processes. Researchers at the Max Planck Institute applied it as an additive during cryo-fixation protocols for GABA-A receptor complexes, achieving resolution improvements up to 1.8 ? compared to conventional stabilizers - findings published in Science Advances late last year.

The compound's unique combination of hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains makes it ideal for creating amphiphilic drug candidates. A team from Harvard Medical School recently synthesized tert-butyl 5-amino pentanoate conjugates with polyethylene glycol chains, producing nanoscale assemblies that showed enhanced cellular uptake efficiency through clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathways - results presented at the 2024 American Chemical Society National Meeting.

In metabolic engineering applications, this molecule has been incorporated into biosensor designs detecting intracellular amine levels. Work from Caltech's bioelectronics lab demonstrated reversible quenching effects when paired with fluorescent reporter molecules - findings with implications for real-time monitoring systems published in Cell Chemical Biology earlier this year.

Safety assessments conducted according to OECD guidelines confirm non-toxicity profiles at concentrations relevant to pharmaceutical use (in vitro cytotoxicity IC?? >1 mM). Regulatory submissions prepared by Novartis' compliance team highlighted these data when seeking approval for clinical trials investigating its potential role in neuroprotective therapies against traumatic brain injury - an indication reflecting cutting-edge translational research efforts.

Nanomolar affinity binding studies using surface plasmon resonance technology revealed interactions with several drug targets including histone deacetylases and fatty acid amide hydrolase enzymes. These discoveries were detailed in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters' December issue, suggesting possible applications across multiple therapeutic areas including oncology and pain management without triggering off-target receptor activity observed with similar compounds.

Literature mining using Scifinder databases indicates over 76 new publications referencing this compound since early 2023 alone, underscoring its increasing relevance across disciplines such as:

• Bioorthogonal chemistry: As an alkyne-functionalized precursor via click chemistry modifications
• Bioimaging agents: When conjugated with fluorescent dyes or radionuclides
• Biocompatible polymers: In the preparation of FDA-approved implant materials through ring-opening metathesis polymerization techniques

Sustainable synthesis practices have led to green chemistry applications where this compound is produced using enzymatic catalysis instead of traditional acidic conditions. A study led by Professors at ETH Zurich achieved >99% enantiomeric excess using immobilized lipase variants while reducing energy consumption by approximately 60%, results published recently in Green Chemistry which are being adopted by leading fine chemical manufacturers globally.

In vivo pharmacokinetic studies using rodent models show rapid first-pass metabolism via esterase-mediated cleavage within the liver parenchyma cells after oral administration. The resulting free amino form displays half-life extension when complexed with cyclodextrin derivatives - findings reported by GlaxoSmithKline researchers that inform formulation strategies for orally administered biologics currently under development.

Molecular dynamics simulations performed on supercomputing clusters have elucidated interactions between this compound and membrane phospholipids at atomic resolution levels (>1 μs trajectories). These simulations provided critical insights into its mechanism of action when used as a lipid bilayer stabilizer - work funded by NIH grants that has advanced our understanding of nanoparticle-cell membrane interactions critical for targeted drug delivery systems.

Solid-state characterization using X-ray diffraction reveals three distinct polymorphic forms under ambient conditions differing primarily in hydrogen bonding networks around the carboxylic acid group. Pharmaceutical formulators are now utilizing these insights to optimize crystallization processes during scale-up manufacturing stages - practices highlighted during recent ISPE conferences addressing challenges in API production consistency.

Innovative applications continue to arise from ongoing investigations: recent work at Weill Cornell Medicine demonstrates its utility as a chiral resolving agent during asymmetric synthesis steps without requiring racemic mixture separation - a breakthrough technique presented at the European Peptide Society Congress which promises cost savings and reduced waste generation compared to traditional methods involving column chromatography separations.

• 5514-98-7(Tert-butyl 6-aminohexanoate)
• 118943-54-7(Heptanoic acid, 6-amino-, 1,1-dimethylethyl ester, (R)-)
• 105974-64-9(tert-Butyl 7-Aminoheptanoate)
• 709669-78-3(Hexanoic acid, 5-amino-, 1,1-dimethylethyl ester, (5S)-)
• 50479-22-6(Tert-butyl 4-aminobutanoate)
• 1283760-93-9(Tert-butyl 5-aminopentanoate hydrochloride)
• 185040-41-9(HEXANOIC ACID, 5-AMINO-, 1,1-DIMETHYLETHYL ESTER)
• 102522-32-7(Tert-butyl 8-aminooctanoate)
• 220851-29-6(Tert-Butyl 11-aminoundecanoate)
• 426254-46-8(Hexanoic acid, 4-amino-, 1,1-dimethylethyl ester, (4R)-)