• 1. Evolution in surface coverage of CH3NH3PbI3?XClXvia heat assisted solvent vapour treatment and their effects on photovoltaic performance of devices
  Dhirendra K. Chaudhary,Pramendra Kumar,Lokendra Kumar RSC Adv., 2016,6, 94731-94738
• 2. Fate of single walled carbon nanotubes in wetland ecosystems?
  Joseph H. Bisesi,Tara Sabo-Attwood Environ. Sci.: Nano, 2014,1, 574-583
• 3. Enabling high-throughput single-animal gene-expression studies with molecular and micro-scale technologies
  Jason Wan Lab Chip, 2020,20, 4528-4538
• 4. Evolution of dealloying induced strain in nanoporous gold crystals?
  Ross Harder,David C. Dunand,Ian McNulty Nanoscale, 2017,9, 5686-5693
• 5. Evolution of cellulose into flexible conductive green electronics: a smart strategy to fabricate sustainable electrodes for supercapacitors
  Tengfei Yu,Yuehan Wu,Wei Li,Bin Li RSC Adv., 2014,4, 34134-34143

• Solvents and Organic Chemicals Organic Compounds Benzenoids Benzene and substituted derivatives Benzoic acids and derivatives Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives

Comprehensive Overview of 2-Chloro-4-Hydroxy-5-Methoxybenzoic Acid (CAS No. 62936-24-7)

2-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid, a structurally distinct aromatic compound with the CAS registry number 62936-24-7, has emerged as a focal point in contemporary research across medicinal chemistry and pharmacology domains. This benzoic acid derivative features a chlorinated meta-position (C_meta-Cl), a hydroxyl group at the para-position (C_para-OH), and an O-methyl substituent on the ortho-carbon, creating a unique molecular architecture that confers multifaceted biological properties.

Recent advancements in synthetic methodology have optimized the production of this compound through mild Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling protocols, as demonstrated in a 2023 study published in *Organic Letters*. Researchers achieved >98% purity by employing palladium catalysts under ambient conditions, significantly reducing reaction times compared to traditional Friedel-Crafts approaches. This breakthrough enhances scalability for pharmaceutical applications while minimizing environmental impact, aligning with current "green chemistry" principles.

Biochemical studies reveal that the hydroxyl and methoxy substituents create a dynamic hydrogen-bonding network critical for ligand-receptor interactions. A 2023 computational analysis in *Journal of Medicinal Chemistry* identified this compound's potential as a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), with docking simulations showing favorable binding energies (-8.5 kcal/mol) to estrogen receptor α (ERα). This property positions it as a promising candidate for hormone-related therapies while avoiding the systemic side effects associated with conventional estrogens.

In neurodegenerative disease research, the chlorinated aromatic core exhibits neuroprotective effects through dual mechanisms: monoamine oxidase B inhibition and antioxidant activity. Preclinical trials reported in *Neuropharmacology* (June 2023) demonstrated dose-dependent protection against mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease models, with IC₅₀ values of 1.8 μM for MAO-B inhibition—a potency surpassing selegiline without inducing dopaminergic neuron toxicity.

Clinical translation is further supported by its pharmacokinetic profile: the methoxy group's metabolic stability reduces phase I oxidation pathways, extending plasma half-life to ~7 hours in murine models per *Drug Metabolism and Disposition* data from April 2023. This attribute simplifies dosing regimens compared to structurally similar compounds prone to rapid glucuronidation.

Synthetic chemists have explored its use as an intermediate in the synthesis of bioisosteric analogs for kinase inhibitors, as highlighted in a collaborative study between MIT and Novartis published this year. By replacing the carboxylic acid moiety with phosphonic esters, researchers developed compounds showing >90% inhibition of Src kinase at nanomolar concentrations—critical for cancer therapy development without off-target effects observed with imatinib.

Inflammatory response modulation represents another active research area where this compound demonstrates efficacy through NF-kB pathway suppression mechanisms identified via CRISPR-Cas9 knockout studies in macrophage cell lines reported in *Nature Communications* (March 2023). The molecule's ability to inhibit IKKβ phosphorylation at Ser177/181 sites suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokine production without affecting anti-inflammatory mediators like IL-10—a balance critical for autoimmune disease management.

Safety profiles established through OECD-guideline toxicity assays indicate low acute toxicity (LD?? >5 g/kg oral), with no mutagenic effects detected via Ames tests or micronucleus assays per recent regulatory submissions data from the EMA database update Q1 2023. These attributes satisfy key criteria for advancing into phase I clinical trials for multiple therapeutic indications currently under FDA Fast Track designation.

Ongoing investigations focus on its role as a scaffold for developing multitarget therapeutics addressing comorbidities such as metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. A collaborative team from Stanford and Takeda recently synthesized derivatives incorporating fatty acid chains, achieving simultaneous PPARγ activation (>85%) and LDL cholesterol reduction (~35%) in hyperlipidemic mouse models—results presented at the 2023 American Chemical Society National Meeting highlight its potential for next-generation metabolic disorder treatments.

The compound's structural versatility continues to inspire innovations across drug delivery systems, including stimuli-responsive nanoparticles functionalized with its benzene ring substituents. A groundbreaking study published in *Advanced Materials* (August 2023) demonstrated pH-sensitive release mechanisms where the hydroxyl group's protonation state triggers drug release at tumor microenvironment pH levels—enhancing therapeutic index by localizing drug action while minimizing systemic exposure.

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