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Sodium Citrate Dihydrate (CAS No. 6132-04-3): Comprehensive Overview and Emerging Applications

Sodium Citrate Dihydrate, with the chemical formula Na?C?H?O?·2H?O and CAS number 6132-04-3, is a widely recognized compound in the field of chemistry and pharmaceuticals. It is a hydrous salt derived from citric acid, a naturally occurring tricarboxylic acid found in various fruits. The dihydrate form of sodium citrate is particularly notable for its stability, solubility, and diverse applications across multiple industries. This article provides an in-depth exploration of Sodium Citrate Dihydrate, emphasizing its chemical properties, industrial uses, and recent advancements in research.

The molecular structure of Sodium Citrate Dihydrate consists of three sodium ions (Na?) coordinated with a citrate anion (C?H?O?3?), with two water molecules (H?O) incorporated into the crystal lattice. This structural arrangement contributes to its high solubility in water, making it an excellent choice for applications requiring aqueous solutions. The compound is typically white to light yellow crystalline powder, odorless, and has a mild, salty taste. Its stability under various pH conditions further enhances its utility in pharmaceutical formulations.

In the pharmaceutical industry, Sodium Citrate Dihydrate serves multiple critical functions. One of its primary applications is as an anticoagulant, where it inhibits blood clotting by chelating calcium ions (Ca2?), which are essential for the coagulation cascade. This property makes it valuable in blood collection tubes and laboratory settings where anticoagulation is required. Additionally, it is used in oral medications to prevent the formation of kidney stones by reducing urine calcium levels.

Recent research has highlighted the potential of Sodium Citrate Dihydrate in drug delivery systems. Its ability to form stable complexes with various drugs has been explored to enhance bioavailability and controlled release profiles. For instance, studies have demonstrated its effectiveness in forming inclusion complexes with poorly soluble drugs, improving their dissolution rates and therapeutic efficacy. This application is particularly relevant in developing formulations for chronic diseases where sustained drug release is crucial.

The compound also finds extensive use in the food and beverage industry as a flavoring agent and preservative. Its natural tartness makes it a preferred alternative to synthetic acids in products like candies, beverages, and baked goods. Moreover, its chelating properties help prevent metal ion-induced discoloration and off-flavors in food products, thereby extending shelf life.

Emerging research in nanotechnology has opened new avenues for utilizing Sodium Citrate Dihydrate. Its role as a stabilizing agent in colloidal suspensions has been investigated for the synthesis of nanoparticles used in drug delivery and imaging applications. The compound’s ability to prevent aggregation ensures uniform dispersion of nanoparticles, which is critical for their functionality in biomedical applications.

In environmental chemistry, Sodium Citrate Dihydrate is employed as a corrosion inhibitor in industrial processes. Its chelating action helps prevent metal degradation by forming stable complexes with metal ions that cause corrosion. This application is particularly useful in cooling systems and metal processing industries where maintaining equipment integrity is essential.

The agricultural sector also benefits from the use of Sodium Citrate Dihydrate. It serves as a soil amendment to improve nutrient availability by chelating micronutrients like iron and manganese, which are often present in forms that are not readily absorbable by plants. This application helps enhance crop yields and reduce the need for synthetic fertilizers.

Advances in green chemistry have prompted investigations into biodegradable formulations incorporating Sodium Citrate Dihydrate. Its compatibility with renewable resources makes it an attractive candidate for developing eco-friendly products such as biodegradable polymers and coatings. These innovations align with global efforts to minimize environmental impact while maintaining performance standards.

The compound’s versatility extends to cosmetics and personal care products as well. Its mild pH profile and chelating properties make it suitable for use in skincare formulations where it helps maintain product stability and enhance efficacy. Additionally, its natural origin aligns with consumer preferences for organic and sustainable beauty products.

Future research directions for Sodium Citrate Dihydrate include exploring its potential in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Preliminary studies suggest that its biocompatibility and ability to modulate cellular processes make it a promising candidate for developing scaffolds that support tissue growth. Such applications could revolutionize medical treatments for injuries and degenerative diseases.

In conclusion, Sodium Citrate Dihydrate (CAS No. 6132-04-3) is a multifaceted compound with significant implications across various sectors including pharmaceuticals, food industry, nanotechnology, environmental science, agriculture, green chemistry, cosmetics, and regenerative medicine. Its unique chemical properties coupled with ongoing research advancements continue to expand its range of applications. As scientists delve deeper into its potential benefits，Sodium Citrate Dihydrate is poised to play an increasingly vital role in addressing global challenges while meeting industry demands for innovative solutions.

• 18996-35-5(Sodium Dihydrogen Citrate)
• 68-04-2(Sodium citrate)
• 144314-88-5(1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylicacid, 2-hydroxy-, iron(2+) sodium salt (1:1:1))
• 114456-61-0(Citric acid)
• 66407-48-5(1,3,4-Tetradecanetricarboxylic acid, 3-hydroxy-, sodium salt (1:1))
• 6132-05-4(Sodium Hydrogencitrate Sesquihydrate)
• 144-33-2(Disodium Citrate)
• 52031-09-1(1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylicacid, 2-hydroxy-, iron(3+) sodium salt (1:?:?))
• 43160-25-4(1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylicacid, 2-hydroxy-, iron(2+) sodium salt (2:1:4))
• 66410-33-1(1,3,4-Tetradecanetricarboxylic acid, 3-hydroxy-, sodium salt (1:))