• 1. Achieving excellent anti-corrosion and tribological performance by tailoring the surface morphology and chemical composition of aluminum alloys
  Wenjie Zhao,Hua Hou,Yuchun Jin,Zhixiang Zeng,Xuedong Wu,Qunji Xue RSC Adv., 2014,4, 60307-60315
• 2. An asymmetric supercapacitor based on controllable WO3 nanorod bundle and alfalfa-derived porous carbon?
  Kanjun Sun,Fengting Hua,Shuzhen Cui,Yanrong Zhu,Hui Peng,Guofu Ma RSC Adv., 2021,11, 37631-37642
• 3. An integrated process of CO2 capture and in situ hydrogenation to formate using a tunable ethoxyl-functionalized amidine and Rh/bisphosphine system?
  Yu-Nong Li,Liang-Nian He,Xian-Dong Lang,Xiao-Fang Liu,Shuai Zhang RSC Adv., 2014,4, 49995-50002
• 4. An assay for the enzyme N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAGase) based on electrochemical detection using screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs)
  R. M. Pemberton,J. P. Hart,T. T. Mottram Analyst, 2001,126, 1866-1871
• 5. Aggregation-induced emission of luminol: a novel strategy for fluorescence ratiometric detection of ALP and As(v) with high sensitivity and selectivity?
  Yuan-Jun Tong,Lu-Dan Yu,Lu-Lu Wu,Shu-Ping Cao,Ru-Ping Liang,Li Zhang,Xing-Hua Xia,Jian-Ding Qiu Chem. Commun., 2018,54, 7487-7490

• Solvents and Organic Chemicals Organic Compounds Organic acids and derivatives Carboxylic acids and derivatives Amino acids, peptides, and analogues Amino acids and derivatives
• Other Chemical Reagents

D-Thyroxine (CAS No. 51-49-0): A Comprehensive Overview of its Chemistry, Biology, and Clinical Applications

D-Thyroxine, chemically designated as 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine, is a synthetic or naturally occurring hormone that plays a pivotal role in regulating metabolism, growth, and development in vertebrates. With the chemical formula C₁₅H₁₁IO₄ and a molecular weight of approximately 407.23 g/mol, this compound is primarily known for its thyroid hormone activity. The CAS number 51-49-0 uniquely identifies this substance in the chemical industry and scientific literature, underscoring its significance in both research and therapeutic contexts.

The synthesis of D-Thyroxine involves a series of intricate chemical reactions that ensure the precise arrangement of iodine atoms on the tyrosine backbone. This stereochemistry is critical, as the L-isomer (levothyroxine) is the biologically active form used in medical treatments, while the D-isomer (dextrothyroxine) has different pharmacological properties. Recent advancements in synthetic chemistry have enabled more efficient and scalable production methods, allowing for higher purity and yield, which are essential for pharmaceutical applications.

In biological terms, D-Thyroxine exerts its effects by binding to thyroid hormone receptors in target cells, thereby modulating gene expression and physiological processes. Its primary functions include increasing oxygen consumption, enhancing heat production, and influencing growth and development. The hormone's half-life varies depending on whether it is administered as a free hormone or bound to transport proteins such as thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), transthyretin (TTR), and albumin.

Recent research has highlighted the therapeutic potential of D-Thyroxine in managing various endocrine disorders. For instance, clinical trials have demonstrated its efficacy in treating hypothyroidism by restoring euthyroidism and improving quality of life metrics. Additionally, studies suggest that D-Thyroxine may have neuroprotective properties, making it a candidate for investigating potential treatments for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. These findings underscore the importance of continued research into the multifaceted roles of this compound.

The pharmacokinetics of D-Thyroxine are influenced by several factors, including age, weight, liver function, and concomitant medications. For example, elderly patients may require lower dosages due to decreased metabolic clearance, while individuals with liver impairment may exhibit prolonged half-lives. Understanding these variables is crucial for optimizing therapeutic regimens and minimizing adverse effects such as hyperthyroidism or cardiac arrhythmias.

From a chemical perspective, the stability of D-Thyroxine under various conditions is another area of active investigation. Researchers have explored formulations that enhance stability while maintaining bioavailability, such as micronized tablets or liquid suspensions. These innovations aim to improve patient compliance and therapeutic outcomes. Furthermore, analytical techniques like high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS) have been refined to ensure accurate quantification of D-Thyroxine in biological samples and pharmaceutical products.

The role of D-Thyroxine in metabolic disorders has also garnered significant attention. Studies indicate that this hormone may influence glucose homeostasis by affecting insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake in tissues such as muscle and adipose tissue. This finding has implications for developing novel strategies to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus. Additionally, research suggests that D-Thyroxine may play a role in modulating lipid metabolism by enhancing cholesterol synthesis and catabolism.

In conclusion, D-Thyroxine (CAS No. 51-49-0) remains a cornerstone compound in both endocrinology and pharmaceutical chemistry. Its multifaceted roles in metabolism, growth, and development continue to be elucidated through cutting-edge research. As our understanding of its mechanisms of action evolves, so too do the therapeutic applications that leverage its unique properties. The ongoing development of novel formulations and delivery systems ensures that patients will continue to benefit from this vital hormone for years to come.

• 10468-90-3(3-Iodo-L-thyronine)
• 6893-02-3(Liothyronine)
• 1041-01-6(3,5-Diiodo-L-thyronine)
• 4732-82-5(3’-Iodo-L-thyronine)
• 4604-41-5(3,3'-Diiodo-L-thyronine)
• 51-48-9(L-Thyroxine)
• 300-30-1(Tyrosine,O-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)-3,5-diiodo-)
• 2098070-20-1(2-(3-(Pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetimidamide)
• 2680771-01-9(4-cyclopentyl-3-{(prop-2-en-1-yloxy)carbonylamino}butanoic acid)
• 1444113-98-7(N-(3-cyanothiolan-3-yl)-2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfanyl]pyridine-4-carboxamide)