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  Zhixia Liu,Tingjian Chen,Floyd E. Romesberg Chem. Sci., 2017,8, 8179-8182
• 2. Evidence of CO2 molecule acting as an electron acceptor on a nanoporous metal–organic-framework MIL-53 or Cr3+(OH)(O2C–C6H4–CO2)?
  Alexandre Vimont,Arnaud Travert,Philippe Bazin,Jean-Claude Lavalley,Marco Daturi,Christian Serre,Gérard Férey,Sandrine Bourrelly,Philip L. Llewellyn Chem. Commun., 2007, 3291-3293
• 3. Emerging investigator series: first-principles and thermodynamics comparison of compositionally-tuned delafossites: cation release from the (001) surface of complex metal oxides?
  Joseph W. Bennett,Diamond T. Jones,Blake G. Hudson,Joshua Melendez-Rivera,Robert J. Hamers,Sara E. Mason Environ. Sci.: Nano, 2020,7, 1642-1651
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• Solvents and Organic Chemicals Organic Compounds Organoheterocyclic compounds Dithiolanes Lipoic acids and derivatives

Recent Advances in N-Hydroxysuccinimidyl Lipoate (CAS 40846-94-4) Research: A Comprehensive Review

N-Hydroxysuccinimidyl Lipoate (NHS-Lipoate, CAS 40846-94-4) has emerged as a critical reagent in bioconjugation and drug delivery systems due to its unique chemical properties. This compound, which combines the lipoic acid moiety with an N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester, enables efficient covalent coupling of biomolecules such as proteins, peptides, and antibodies. Recent studies have highlighted its applications in targeted drug delivery, nanotechnology, and metabolic research, making it a focal point in chemical biology and pharmaceutical sciences.

A 2023 study published in Bioconjugate Chemistry demonstrated the use of NHS-Lipoate in the development of redox-responsive drug delivery systems. The researchers utilized the disulfide bond in lipoic acid to create stimuli-sensitive nanocarriers that release therapeutic payloads in reducing environments, such as tumor tissues. This approach significantly improved the specificity and efficacy of chemotherapy agents, reducing off-target effects. The study also emphasized the stability of NHS-Lipoate under physiological conditions, which is crucial for in vivo applications.

In another breakthrough, a team from MIT reported the application of NHS-Lipoate in protein labeling and imaging (Nature Methods, 2024). By conjugating fluorescent probes to antibodies via NHS-Lipoate, they achieved high-resolution imaging of intracellular targets with minimal background noise. The researchers attributed this success to the compound's rapid reaction kinetics and compatibility with aqueous buffers, which are essential for live-cell imaging. This method opens new avenues for studying dynamic biological processes at the molecular level.

Recent advancements in metabolic engineering have also leveraged NHS-Lipoate for enzyme immobilization. A 2024 paper in ACS Catalysis described its use in creating stable biocatalysts for industrial applications. The lipoic acid moiety provided a robust anchor for enzymes on solid supports, while the NHS ester facilitated covalent attachment. This dual functionality resulted in biocatalysts with enhanced operational stability and reusability, addressing key challenges in green chemistry and sustainable manufacturing.

Despite these promising developments, challenges remain in optimizing the pharmacokinetics of NHS-Lipoate-conjugated therapeutics. A review in Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (2023) highlighted the need for further studies on the in vivo fate of these conjugates, particularly their clearance mechanisms and potential immunogenicity. Future research directions may focus on engineering derivatives of NHS-Lipoate with improved biodistribution profiles while retaining its advantageous reactivity.

In conclusion, NHS-Lipoate (CAS 40846-94-4) continues to play a pivotal role in advancing bioconjugation strategies and therapeutic delivery systems. Its unique chemical properties bridge the gap between synthetic chemistry and biological applications, offering versatile solutions across multiple domains of chemical biology and medicine. As research progresses, we anticipate novel applications emerging in areas such as theranostics, personalized medicine, and biomaterials science.

• 107021-99-8((2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) 7-[[7-(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)oxy-7-oxoheptyl]disulfanyl]heptanoate)
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• 117235-10-6(3-Mercaptopropionic acid NHS ester)
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• 887407-50-3(N-SUCCINIMIDYLOXYCARBONYLHEPTYL METHANETHIOSULFONATE)
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• 57757-57-0(DSP Crosslinker)