• 1. Aggregation behaviour of biocompatible choline carboxylate ionic liquids and their interactions with biomolecules through experimental and theoretical investigations?
  Somenath Panda,Kaushik Kundu,Anusha Basaiahgari,Sanjib Senapati,Ramesh L. Gardas New J. Chem., 2018,42, 7105-7118
• 2. An approach to the structure and vibrational analysis of cis- and trans-3-chlorostyrene through IR/Raman and INS spectroscopies and theoretical ab initio/DFT calculations?
  J. M. Granadino-Roldán,M. Fernández-Gómez,A. Navarro,T. Pe?a Ruiz,U. A. Jayasooriya Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2004,6, 1133-1143
• 3. An intermolecular C–C coupling reaction of iridium complexes?
  Kathrin Kutlescha,Rhett Kempe New J. Chem., 2010,34, 1954-1960
• 4. Alternative mixtures to R-600a. Theoretical assessment and experimental energy evaluation of binary mixtures in a commercial cooler: Mélanges alternatifs au R-600a. évaluation théorique et évaluation énergétique expérimentale de mélanges binaires dans un refroidisseur commercial.
  DanielCalleja-Anta,DanielSánchez,LauraNebot-Andres,RamónCabello,RodrigoLlopis
• 5. Aggregation-induced emission leading to two distinct emissive species in the solid-state structure of high-dipole organic chromophores?
  Felix Witte,Philipp Rietsch,Nithiya Nirmalananthan-Budau,Florian Weigert,Jan P. G?tze,Ute Resch-Genger,Siegfried Eigler,Beate Paulus Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2021,23, 17521-17529

• Solvents and Organic Chemicals Organic Compounds Lipids and lipid-like molecules Fatty Acyls Hydroxy fatty acids
• Solvents and Organic Chemicals Organic Compounds Lipids and lipid-like molecules Fatty Acyls Fatty acids and conjugates Hydroxy fatty acids

3-Ethyl-2-Hydroxypentanoic Acid: A Comprehensive Overview

3-Ethyl-2-hydroxypentanoic acid, with the CAS number 301221-97-6, is a versatile organic compound that has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its unique chemical properties and potential applications in various fields. This compound, also known as ethyl hydroxypentanoate, belongs to the class of carboxylic acids and is characterized by its five-carbon chain structure with an ethyl group and a hydroxyl group attached at specific positions. Its molecular formula is C7H14O3, and it has a molecular weight of 146.18 g/mol.

The structure of 3-ethyl-2-hydroxypentanoic acid plays a crucial role in its chemical reactivity and functional properties. The presence of the hydroxyl group (-OH) at the second carbon position introduces hydrophilic characteristics, while the ethyl group (-CH2CH3) at the third carbon imparts lipophilic properties. This balance between hydrophilicity and lipophilicity makes it an ideal candidate for applications in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food additives. Recent studies have explored its potential as a precursor in the synthesis of bioactive compounds, including antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents.

In terms of physical properties, 3-ethyl-2-hydroxypentanoic acid is typically a white crystalline solid with a melting point of approximately 55°C. It is sparingly soluble in water but exhibits good solubility in organic solvents such as ethanol and ethyl acetate. These properties make it suitable for use in emulsion-based formulations, where it can act as both a stabilizer and an active ingredient.

The synthesis of 3-ethyl-2-hydroxypentanoic acid can be achieved through various methods, including microbial fermentation, enzymatic catalysis, and chemical synthesis. Recent advancements in biotechnological approaches have focused on optimizing microbial strains to enhance the yield and purity of this compound. For instance, researchers have employed genetically engineered Escherichia coli strains to produce high amounts of ethyl hydroxypentanoate through metabolic engineering techniques.

The applications of 3-ethyl-2-hydroxypentanoic acid are diverse and expanding rapidly. In the pharmaceutical industry, it has been investigated as a potential drug delivery agent due to its ability to form nanoparticles that can encapsulate bioactive molecules. These nanoparticles have shown promising results in targeted drug delivery systems, improving the bioavailability of therapeutic agents while reducing side effects.

In the field of cosmetics, ethyl hydroxypentanoate has been utilized as a moisturizing agent and skin conditioning ingredient. Its ability to penetrate the skin barrier makes it effective in hydrating dry skin and reducing transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Recent studies have also explored its potential as an anti-aging ingredient, thanks to its antioxidant properties that help combat oxidative stress caused by environmental factors.

The food industry has also benefited from the unique properties of 3-ethyl-2-hydroxypentanoic acid. It has been approved as a food additive in several countries, where it is used as an acidity regulator and flavor enhancer. Its mild acidic taste makes it suitable for use in beverages, dairy products, and baked goods. Moreover, its ability to form stable emulsions has made it valuable in the production of dressings, sauces, and other food products requiring consistent texture.

In recent years, there has been growing interest in the use of ethyl hydroxypentanoate as a precursor for bio-based plastics and polymers. Researchers have explored its potential as a building block for synthesizing biodegradable polymers that can replace conventional petroleum-based plastics. These polymers have shown excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility, making them suitable for applications in packaging materials and biomedical devices.

The environmental impact of producing and using 3-ethyl-2-hydroxypentanoic acid has also been a topic of research interest. Scientists have developed sustainable methods for its production using renewable feedstocks such as vegetable oils and agricultural waste materials. These methods not only reduce reliance on fossil fuels but also minimize greenhouse gas emissions associated with traditional chemical manufacturing processes.

In conclusion, 3-ethyl-2-hydroxypentanoic acid, with its unique chemical structure and versatile properties, continues to be a subject of intense research across multiple disciplines. Its applications span pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food additives, materials science, and environmental sustainability. As new technologies emerge and research progresses further into its potential uses, this compound is poised to play an increasingly important role in shaping innovative solutions across various industries.

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• 17407-56-6((2R)-2-Hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic Acid)
• 20312-37-2((R)-2-Hydroxy-4-methylpentanoic acid)
• 4026-18-0(2-Hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid)