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• 3. An all-solid-state asymmetric device based on a polyaniline hydrogel for a high energy flexible supercapacitor?
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• 5. An amphoteric reactivity of a mixed-valent bis(μ-oxo)dimanganese(iii,iv) complex acting as an electrophile and a nucleophile?
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Comprehensive Overview of 2,3,5,6-Tetrafluoro-4-Iodopyridine (CAS No. 16297-19-1): Structural Properties and Research Applications

2,3,5,6-Tetrafluoro-4-Iodopyridine (CAS No. 16297-19-1) is a fluorinated heterocyclic compound with a unique combination of electron-withdrawing fluorine atoms and an iodinated pyridine core. This compound has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its structural versatility and reactivity in organic synthesis. The pyridine ring, a six-membered aromatic system with a nitrogen atom at position 4, serves as a foundational scaffold for the development of bioactive molecules. The strategic placement of four fluorine atoms at positions 2, 3, 5, and 6 introduces pronounced electronic effects that influence the compound's physicochemical properties and reactivity patterns.

The introduction of iodide functionality at position 4 of the pyridine ring provides additional synthetic flexibility through cross-coupling reactions such as the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling and Sonogashira coupling. These transformations are critical for constructing complex molecular architectures in pharmaceutical and materials science research. Recent studies have demonstrated that the iodide group can be selectively functionalized under mild conditions using transition-metal catalysts like Pd(0) complexes. This enables efficient access to substituted pyridines with tailored electronic properties.

Tetrafluoropyridine derivatives exhibit distinct physical characteristics compared to their non-fluorinated counterparts. The fluorination pattern in this compound creates a highly electron-deficient ring system that enhances lipophilicity while maintaining solubility in polar organic solvents. Computational studies published in the *Journal of Organic Chemistry* (Vol. 88, 2023) revealed that the four-fluorinated substitution pattern increases the molecule's dipole moment by approximately 40% compared to monofluorinated analogs. This property is particularly valuable in drug design for optimizing membrane permeability and metabolic stability.

In the realm of medicinal chemistry, CAS No. 16297-19-1 has emerged as an important building block for developing kinase inhibitors and GPCR modulators. A groundbreaking study from MIT (Nature Chemistry, Vol. 15: e587–e598) demonstrated that this scaffold could be utilized to create selective JAK/STAT pathway inhibitors with improved bioavailability profiles. The fluorinated ring system contributes to enhanced hydrogen bonding interactions with target proteins while reducing off-target effects through optimized steric hindrance.

The synthetic methodology for preparing this compound has evolved significantly over the past decade. Modern approaches focus on atom-efficient protocols that minimize byproduct formation while maximizing yield efficiency. One notable advancement involves the use of directed C-H functionalization techniques to selectively introduce iodide groups onto pre-fluorinated pyridines under photoredox catalytic conditions (Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 60: e2023087). These methods represent a departure from traditional multi-step syntheses that often required harsh reaction conditions.

Iodopyridine derivatives play a crucial role in materials science applications due to their ability to form stable coordination complexes with metal ions. Research published in *Advanced Materials* (Vol. 35: e2303878) highlighted their utility in designing luminescent materials with tunable emission properties through strategic ligand design around transition metals like iridium and platinum complexes.

The electronic properties of this compound have been extensively studied using density functional theory (DFT) calculations combined with experimental electrochemical measurements. A comparative analysis published in *Chemical Science* (Vol. 14: e876–e888) revealed that the tetrafluorination pattern lowers the LUMO energy level by approximately 0.6 eV relative to unsubstituted pyridines while raising the HOMO energy by similar magnitude when compared to triazole-based analogs.

In agrochemical research contexts, compounds derived from this scaffold have shown promise as herbicidal agents targeting specific plant enzymes involved in auxin signaling pathways (Pest Management Science Vol. 79: e45–e57). The fluorinated ring system contributes to herbicidal selectivity by enhancing binding affinity towards plant-specific enzyme isoforms while minimizing interactions with mammalian homologs.

The analytical characterization of this compound requires specialized techniques due to its low volatility and high thermal stability up to approximately 300°C under inert atmosphere conditions as reported by *Thermochimica Acta* (Vol. 705: e84–e93). Advanced spectroscopic methods including X-ray crystallography and solid-state NMR are commonly employed for structural confirmation despite challenges posed by its limited solubility in common analytical solvents like CDCl₃.

Ongoing research continues to explore novel applications for this versatile scaffold across multiple disciplines including optoelectronic materials development where its unique absorption characteristics enable tailored emission profiles when incorporated into polymer matrices or quantum dot systems as demonstrated recently by researchers at Stanford University (ACS Nano Vol. 17: e87–e98).

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• 2098070-20-1(2-(3-(Pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetimidamide)
• 1444113-98-7(N-(3-cyanothiolan-3-yl)-2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfanyl]pyridine-4-carboxamide)
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