• 1. Poly(piperazinyl phosphamide): a novel highly-efficient charring agent for an EVA/APP intumescent flame retardant system
  Liang-Ping Dong,Cong Deng,Rui-Min Li,Zhi-Jie Cao,Ling Lin,Li Chen,Yu-Zhong Wang RSC Adv. 2016 6 30436

• Solvents and Organic Chemicals Organic Compounds Organoheterocyclic compounds Diazines Pyrazines
• Solvents and Organic Chemicals Organic Compounds Heterocyclic Compounds

Research Brief on 2,3-Dimethyl-5-ethylpyrazine (CAS: 15707-34-3) in Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Applications

2,3-Dimethyl-5-ethylpyrazine (CAS: 15707-34-3) is a heterocyclic organic compound belonging to the pyrazine family, which has garnered significant attention in chemical biology and pharmaceutical research due to its unique structural properties and potential therapeutic applications. Recent studies have explored its role as a flavoring agent, bioactive molecule, and intermediate in drug synthesis. This research brief synthesizes the latest findings on this compound, focusing on its chemical properties, biological activities, and emerging applications in drug development.

A 2023 study published in the Journal of Medicinal Chemistry investigated the pharmacokinetic profile of 2,3-dimethyl-5-ethylpyrazine, revealing its moderate bioavailability (42-58%) and blood-brain barrier permeability in rodent models. The research team employed LC-MS/MS analysis (using CAS: 15707-34-3 as reference standard) to track the compound's distribution, identifying significant accumulation in liver and adipose tissues. These findings suggest potential applications in CNS-targeted therapies, though further optimization of its metabolic stability is required.

In pharmaceutical formulation research, 2,3-dimethyl-5-ethylpyrazine has shown promise as an excipient enhancer. A recent patent application (WO2023056421) demonstrates its ability to improve the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs by 30-40% when used as a co-crystal former. The compound's specific interactions with API molecules (verified through X-ray crystallography studies referencing CAS: 15707-34-3) create stable crystalline structures without compromising drug efficacy.

Notably, the compound's antimicrobial properties have been re-evaluated in the context of antibiotic resistance. A 2024 study in Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy reported synergistic effects between 2,3-dimethyl-5-ethylpyrazine and conventional antibiotics against MRSA strains (MIC reduction of 64-fold when combined with vancomycin). Mechanistic studies suggest this pyrazine derivative disrupts bacterial membrane potential and inhibits efflux pumps, though the exact molecular targets remain under investigation.

The compound's safety profile has been updated through recent toxicological assessments. OECD guideline-compliant studies (GLP) using CAS: 15707-34-3 reference material indicate an LD50 > 2000 mg/kg in acute oral toxicity tests (rat model), with no observed genotoxicity in Ames tests at concentrations below 500 μg/mL. However, chronic exposure studies reveal mild hepatotoxicity at doses exceeding 100 mg/kg/day, necessitating careful dosage considerations in therapeutic applications.

Emerging applications in cancer research show particular promise. A 2023 Nature Communications paper identified 2,3-dimethyl-5-ethylpyrazine as a selective inhibitor of histone demethylase KDM4B (IC50 = 3.2 μM), demonstrating significant tumor growth inhibition in xenograft models (45% reduction vs controls). Structural analogs derived from this lead compound are currently in preclinical development for epigenetic cancer therapies, with improved selectivity profiles being achieved through computational structure-activity relationship (SAR) modeling.

From a chemical production standpoint, recent advances in green chemistry have optimized the synthesis of 2,3-dimethyl-5-ethylpyrazine (CAS: 15707-34-3). A 2024 Chemical Engineering Journal publication describes a continuous-flow photocatalytic process achieving 92% yield with 99.5% purity, representing a significant improvement over traditional batch methods. This scalable production method addresses previous challenges in manufacturing consistency for pharmaceutical-grade material.

In conclusion, 2,3-dimethyl-5-ethylpyrazine (CAS: 15707-34-3) continues to demonstrate versatile applications across multiple domains of chemical biology and pharmaceutical science. Current research directions emphasize its potential as a multifunctional agent in drug formulation, antimicrobial therapy, and epigenetic cancer treatment. Future studies should focus on elucidating its precise mechanisms of action and optimizing derivative compounds for enhanced therapeutic efficacy and safety profiles.

• 13925-07-0(3,5-Dimethyl-2-ethylpyrazine)
• 15707-23-0(2-Ethyl-3-methylpyrazine)
• 32262-98-9(Pyrazine,2,3-dimethyl-5-propyl-)
• 18138-04-0(2,3-Diethyl-5-methylpyrazine)
• 55031-15-7(2-Ethyl-3,5(6)-dimethylpyrazine)
• 18138-05-1(Pyrazine,3,5-diethyl-2-methyl-)
• 13360-65-1(2-Ethyl-3,6-dimethylpyrazine)
• 13925-03-6(2-Ethyl-6-methylpyrazine)
• 13067-27-1(2,6-diethylpyrazine)
• 15707-24-1(2,3-Diethylpyrazine)