• 1. Fe/Fe3C@C nanoparticles encapsulated in N-doped graphene–CNTs framework as an efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst for robust rechargeable Zn–air batteries?
  Zhiyan Chen,Nan Wu,Yaobing Wang,Bing Wang,Yingde Wang J. Mater. Chem. A, 2018,6, 516-526
• 2. Enabling high-throughput single-animal gene-expression studies with molecular and micro-scale technologies
  Jason Wan Lab Chip, 2020,20, 4528-4538
• 3. Fatty acid eutectic mixtures and derivatives from non-edible animal fat as phase change materials?
  Pau Gallart-Sirvent,Marc Martín,Gemma Villorbina,Mercè Balcells,Aran Solé,Luisa F. Cabeza,Ramon Canela-Garayoa RSC Adv., 2017,7, 24133-24139
• 4. Emerging investigator series: kinetics of diopside reactivity for carbon mineralization in mafic–ultramafic rocks
  BrianaAguila,LandonHardee,H.ToddSchaef,SiavashZare,MohammadJavadAbdolhosseiniQomi,JarrodV.Crum,JadeE.HollimanJr.,ElenaTajueloRodriguez,LawrenceM.Anovitz,KevinM.Rosso,QuinR.S.Miller
• 5. Excellent mechanical performance and enhanced dielectric properties of OBC/SiO2 elastomeric nanocomposites: effect of dispersion of the SiO2 nanoparticles?
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• Solvents and Organic Chemicals Organic Compounds Organic oxygen compounds Organooxygen compounds Secondary alcohols
• Solvents and Organic Chemicals Organic Compounds Organic oxygen compounds Organooxygen compounds Alcohols and polyols Secondary alcohols

Exploring Pentane-2,3,4-triol (CAS No. 14642-48-9): Properties, Applications, and Innovations

Pentane-2,3,4-triol (CAS No. 14642-48-9) is a versatile polyol compound gaining attention in industries ranging from cosmetics to pharmaceuticals. This trihydroxy derivative of pentane exhibits unique physicochemical properties, making it a valuable ingredient in formulations requiring humectancy, solubility enhancement, and mildness. As sustainability and green chemistry become focal points in research, pentane-2,3,4-triol is increasingly studied as a potential alternative to traditional glycols like glycerol or propylene glycol.

The molecular structure of pentane-2,3,4-triol features three hydroxyl groups positioned at the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th carbon atoms of a five-carbon chain. This arrangement contributes to its hygroscopic nature and water-binding capacity, properties highly sought after in moisturizing products. Recent studies highlight its compatibility with biodegradable formulations, aligning with the global push toward eco-friendly ingredients. Researchers are particularly interested in its potential synergy with natural emulsifiers and plant-derived actives.

In cosmetic applications, pentane-2,3,4-triol demonstrates exceptional performance as a non-irritating humectant. Unlike some conventional polyols, it maintains efficacy even at low concentrations, reducing formulation bulk. Its low volatility and thermal stability make it suitable for hot-process systems, including anhydrous products like balms and sticks. Dermatological tests suggest excellent skin tolerability, prompting formulators to explore its use in sensitive skin care lines.

The pharmaceutical industry values pentane-2,3,4-triol for its cryoprotective properties and ability to stabilize protein structures. Emerging research investigates its role in lyophilized formulations, where it may reduce aggregation of biologic drugs during freeze-drying. Its low toxicity profile opens possibilities for oral and topical drug delivery systems, particularly in pediatric and geriatric medications requiring mild excipients.

Industrial applications leverage the compound's solvent capabilities and viscosity-modifying effects. In coatings and adhesives, it functions as a reactive diluent that improves flow characteristics without compromising film formation. The food industry explores its potential as a texturizing agent, though regulatory approvals vary by region. Analytical methods for pentane-2,3,4-triol quantification continue to advance, with recent publications detailing HPLC-ELSD techniques for purity assessment.

Synthetic routes to pentane-2,3,4-triol have evolved significantly, with modern processes emphasizing atom economy and reduced waste generation. Biocatalytic production methods using engineered enzymes show particular promise for sustainable manufacturing. The compound's stereochemistry presents interesting challenges and opportunities, as different stereoisomers may exhibit varying biological activities and physical properties.

Storage and handling of pentane-2,3,4-triol require attention to its hygroscopic nature, with recommendations for airtight containers and desiccant packs. Stability studies indicate excellent shelf life under proper conditions, though manufacturers often add antioxidants to prevent gradual oxidation. Regulatory status varies globally, with comprehensive safety data sheets available for workplace handling guidance.

Future research directions for pentane-2,3,4-triol include exploration of its prebiotic potential in microbiome applications and investigation of its anti-glycation properties in anti-aging formulations. The compound's carbon footprint throughout its lifecycle is becoming a key consideration, driving innovation in production methodologies. As analytical techniques improve, previously undetected stereoisomeric impurities may require stricter control in high-purity grades.

Market trends suggest growing demand for pentane-2,3,4-triol in clean beauty formulations and vegan products, where its synthetic origin avoids animal-derived ingredient concerns. Comparative studies with other polyols help formulators make informed decisions about humectant selection based on specific performance requirements. The compound's compatibility with silicones and organic sunscreens expands its utility in multifunctional products.

Environmental fate studies of pentane-2,3,4-triol indicate ready biodegradability under standard test conditions, an important factor for products marketed with environmental claims. Its low bioaccumulation potential and aquatic toxicity profile meet stringent regulatory requirements in ecologically sensitive markets. Life cycle assessment methodologies are being applied to compare its sustainability metrics with alternative humectants.

• 87-99-0(Xylitol)
• 1119-86-4(1,2-Decanediol)
• 50-70-4(D(-)-Sorbitol Standard)
• 149-32-6(meso-Erythritol Standard)
• 98201-93-5(D-Sorbitol)
• 87-78-5(DL-Mannitol)
• 1117-86-8(1,2-Octanediol)
• 6706-59-8(L-Glucitol)
• 69-65-8(D-Mannitol)
• 5343-92-0(1,2-Pentanediol)